A synchrotron x-ray liquid surface spectrometer

Schlossman, Mark L.; Synal, Dennis; Guan, Yongmin; Meron, Mati; Shea-McCarthy, Grace; Huang, Zheng-Qing; Acero, Anibal A.; Williams, Scott M.; Rice, Stuart A.; Viccaro, P.J.

doi:10.1063/1.1148399

Cited by 112 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A complete, detailed description of the experimental setup, as well as the temperature dependence of the reflectivity R q z ( ) for C 2 0 -, C 2 2 -, C 2 4 -, and C 3 0 -alkanol monolayers at the hexane/water interface was previously published [8,17]. The x-ray wavelength was λ = 0.825 Å ( Δλ / λ~2 × 10 −3 ).…”

Section: X-ray Reflectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data are further modified by subtracting a background due primarily to scattering from the bulk liquids. The technique of x-ray reflectivity and its application to the study of liquid/liquid interfaces has been described previously in detail [8,[17][18][19]. We have used this technique to study molecular ordering and phase transitions in surfactant monolayers at oil/water interfaces [7-9, 13, 18, 20], the structure of neat oil/water interfaces [21][22][23][24], the adsorption of sodium ions at the oil/silica hydrosol interface [25], and the ordering of ions at the interface between two electrolyte solutions [26,27].…”

Section: X-ray Reflectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaporization and layering of alkanols at the oil/water interface

Tikhonov¹,

Schlossman²

2007

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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This study of adsorption of normal alkanols at the oil/water interface with x-ray reflectivity and tensiometry demonstrates that the liquid to gas monolayer phase transition at the hexane/water interface is thermodynamically favorable only for long-chain alkanols. As the alkanol chain length is decreased, the change in excess interfacial entropy per area ΔS a σ decreases to zero. Systems with small values of ΔS a σ form multi-molecular layers at the interface instead of the monolayer formed by systems with much larger ΔS a σ . Substitution of n-hexane by n-hexadecane significantly alters the interfacial structure for a given alkanol surfactant, but this substitution does not change fundamentally the phase transition behavior of the monolayers. These data show that the critical alkanol carbon number, at which the change in excess interfacial entropy per area decreases to zero, is approximately six carbons larger than the number of carbons in the alkane solvent molecules.2

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Section: X-ray Reflectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: X-ray Reflectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaporization and layering of alkanols at the oil/water interface

Tikhonov¹,

Schlossman²

2007

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…The scattering intensity I at the n-hexane -water interface was measured by a universal spectrometer for studying the liquid surfaces at the X19C station of the NSLS synchrotron [9]. In experiments, a focused monochromatic beam with the wavelength λ = 0.825 ± 0.002Å and an intensity of ∼ 10 10 photons/s was used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse X-ray scattering near a two-dimensional solid–liquid phase transition at the n-hexane–water interface

Tikhonov

2016

Jetp Lett.

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According to experimental data on X-ray scattering and reflectometry with the use of synchrotron radiation, a two-dimensional crystallization phase transition in a monolayer of melissic acid at the n-hexane -water interface with a decrease in the temperature occurs after a wetting transition.The observation of a two-dimensional solid -liquid phase transition at the oil -water interface was reported in [1,2,3]. In this work, the temperature dependence of the intensity of diffuse (nonspecular) scattering of 15-keV photons at the n-hexane -water interface, where such a transition occurs in the adsorbed layer of melissic acid (C 30 -acid) [3], is studied. It is shown below that the diffuse scattering intensity in the low-temperature crystal phase at the interface is one or two orders of magnitude higher than that in the high-temperature phase, which indicates the existence of an extended transverse structure with a thickness of ∼ 200Å in the former phase. The analysis of experimental data within the theory of capillary waves indicates that the two-dimensional crystallization transition at the interface with a decrease in the temperature occurs after the wetting transition.Samples of macroscopically flat n-hexane -water interface were prepared and studied by the method presented in [4,5] in a stainless steel cell with dimensions of the interface of 75 mm× 150 mm * tikhonov@kapitza.ras.ru 1

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“…Unfortunately, relatively strong scattering in the bulk of the hydrocarbon solvent at λ ∼ 1Å prevents the application of the grazing diffraction method to study the in-plane crystal order at the liquidliquid interface. The transverse structure of the interface was studied by X-ray reflectometry with the use of synchrotron radiation at the X19C station of the NSLS synchrotron, which was equipped with a universal spectrometer for studying the surface of the liquid [13]. A bending magnet with a critical energy of ∼ 6 keV was a source of radiation for the X19C station.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%