A Sustainable Autoclaved Material Made of Glass Sand

Stępień, Anna; Leśniak, Magdalena; Sitarz, Maciej

doi:10.3390/buildings9110232

Cited by 18 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This is due to the essence of the measurement technique's highly localized testing points. These tests are generally not destructive and, at the same time, enable the measurement of a diverse set of properties, including hardness and elastic modulus [9][10][11]. Modern testing devices enable quick measurement, which makes it possible to build maps containing from several to several dozen or even several hundred measurement points within several dozen minutes.…”

Section: Issn 1335-4205 (Print Version) Issn 2585-7878 (Online Version)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoindentation as a Method for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Cold Spray Coatings

Makrenek¹

2021

Komunikácie

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The paper presents the methodology behind the statistical selection of input parameters using the example of spraying two cold-sprayed coatings. The Ti and Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr)-Gr coatings were tested. Despite the large difference in the structure of these coatings, nanoindentation studies were carried out focusing on the nano hardness H and elastic modulus E. Based on the four input parameters and two output parameters, a 2-level factorial 2(k-p) experimental design was performed. The conducted analysis showed the significant influence of the spray distance on the H and E values in the case of the Ti coating. The input parameters of the spray distance and the type of carrier gas used turned out to be statistically significant in the case of the cermet coating. Taking into account the statistical analysis, the coatings were sprayed with modified values of the input parameters.

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Section: Issn 1335-4205 (Print Version) Issn 2585-7878 (Online Version)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoindentation as a Method for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Cold Spray Coatings

Makrenek¹

2021

Komunikácie

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“…The modifications of the bricks were used: quartz industrial sand and GS. The phase analysis (X-ray diffraction analysis measurements of powdered samples were conducted with Empyrean PANalytical diffractometer using Ka radiation from Cu anode) of the traditional brick and brick modified by sand glass samples (after 2 months from initial production) have been measurement in the 5-70° range of 2θ Qualitative identification of the phase composition of the samples was performed with reference to the ICDD PDF-2 database (The International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) ) [64]. The table below presents XRD files used for characterization of reference sample containing QS.…”

Section: Xrd Of Traditional Sand-lime Laboratory Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…XRD of reference sand-lime sample containing QS[64]. (a) X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the bricks modified by 90% GS (after 2 months from initial production)[64]. (b) XRD pattern of the sample modified with 90% GS (after 26 months from initial production).…”

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The Role of Glass Compounds in Autoclaved Bricks

et al. 2020

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This study describes the relationship between the physio-mechanical and chemical properties of sand-lime materials which have undergone hydrothermal treatment, and which were modified through the introduction of glass components (90% glass sand, GS). Process parameters such as temperature, pressure and saturation vapor pressure were found to have a significant impact on the series of chemical reactions as well as on the formation and transformation of solid hydrates. During the stirring process of sand-lime mass, the temperature of the reaction between lime and water in the presence of quartz sand (QS) was determined to be 83 °C. In the presence of glass sand, measured temperature was only 42 °C. Thermodynamic equilibrium-based modelling was applied to predict stable phase assemblages in the studied systems. It was found that compositional modification along with the application of the autoclaving process resulted in the formation of two crystalline phases: natrolite and gyrolite. Compressive strength and density were also assessed. The strength of fresh laboratory samples was found to be greater than their traditional analogues by 15 MPa. In addition to experimental characterization, sand-lime materials were also modeled using neural networks (backpropagation neural network, BPNN) which serve as a universal approximation method capable of modelling complex functions.

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“…They are sand-lime products. They match the idea of sustainable development [24] and allow for creating a healthy living space for people without causing degradation of the natural environment. The raw materials that build the sand-lime products are quartz sand (over 90%), quenched lime (8%), and water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycled Glass as a Substitute for Quartz Sand in Silicate Products

2020

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In 2016, an average of 5.0 tons of waste per household was generated in the European Union (including waste glass). In the same year, 45.7% of the waste glass in the EU was recycled. The incorporation of recycled waste glass in building materials, i.e., concrete, cements, or ceramics, is very popular around the world because of the environmental problems and costs connected with their disposal and recycling. A less known solution, however, is using the waste glass in composite products, including sand-lime. The aim of this work was to assess the role of recycled container waste glass in a sand-lime mix. The waste was used as a substitute for the quartz sand. To verify the suitability of recycled glass for the production of sand-lime products, the physical and mechanical properties of sand-lime specimens were examined. Four series of specimens were made: 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% of recycled waste glass (RG) as a sand (FA) replacement. The binder mass did not change (8%). The research results showed that ternary mixtures of lime, sand, and recycled waste glass had a higher compressive strength and lower density compared to the reference specimen. The sand-lime specimen containing 100% (RG) increased the compressive strength by 287% compared to that of the control specimen. The increase in the parameters was proportional to the amount of the replacement in the mixtures.

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A Sustainable Autoclaved Material Made of Glass Sand

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Nanoindentation as a Method for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Cold Spray Coatings

Nanoindentation as a Method for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Cold Spray Coatings

The Role of Glass Compounds in Autoclaved Bricks

Recycled Glass as a Substitute for Quartz Sand in Silicate Products

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