A survival analysis of COVID-19 in the Mexican population

Abstract

Background At present, the Americas report the largest number of cases of COVID-19 worldwide. In this region, Mexico is the third country with most deaths (20,781 total deaths). A sum that may be explained by the high proportion of people over 50 and the high rate of chronic diseases. The aim of this analysis is to investigate the risk factors associated with COVID-19 deaths in Mexican population using survival analysis. Methods Our analysis includes all confirmed COVID-19 cases contained in the dataset published by the Epidemiological Surveillance System for Viral Respiratory Diseases of the Mexican Ministry of Health. We applied survival analysis to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the Mexican population. From this analysis, we plotted Kaplan-Meier curves, and constructed a Cox proportional hazard model. Results The analysis included the register of 16,752 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with mean age 46.55 ± 15.55 years; 58.02% (n = 9719) men, and 9.37% (n = 1569) deaths. Male sex, older age, chronic kidney disease, pneumonia, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, intubation, and health care in public health services, were independent factors increasing the risk of death due to COVID-19 (p < 0.001). Conclusions The risk of dying at any time during follow-up was clearly higher for men, individuals in older age groups, people with chronic kidney disease, and people hospitalized in public health services.

Survival analysis of all critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to the main hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia, 30 March–12 June 2020: what interventions are proving effective?

“…Two thirds (90/131; 69%) of the patients admitted in De Martini hospital during the study period were males, with mean age of 58.2 years for males and 56.9 years for females. These findings are consistent with other studies in Vietnam [6] and China [8] which suggest a slight gender difference in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The signs and symptoms by age group and sex in our study do not differ from those reported in studies outside of Africa [8,9,14]; however there are no comparable data from African settings, especially in sub-Saharan African countries.…”

“…The use of vasopressors and inotropes did not reduce the risk of death, as patient received such treatment have very low probability of survival, and the adjusted hazard of death is 6.24 (95%CI: 3.55,10.99) compared to those who were not given the treatment (calculation not shown). Another study has reported similar results [8].…”

Treatment Profiles and Clinical Outcomes of Covid-19 Patients at Private Hospital in Jakarta

“…Besides, about half of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 had a chronic underlying disease, particularly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes, similar to MERS-CoV (Badawi et al ., 2020). The risk of death at any time during follow-up was significantly higher in men, individuals in the older age group, with chronic kidney disease, and people who were hospitalized (Salinas-Escudero et al ., 2020).…”

“…A significant association was found among the overall comparisons between the analysis of survival and length of hospitalization of COVID-19 patients. In a study conducted by Thai et al, It was shown that the mean duration of hospital stay was 21 (IQR: [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] days. The multivariable Cox regression model shows that age, place of residence, and contamination source are significantly associated with longer duration of stay (Thai et al, 2020).…”

Correction to: A survival analysis of COVID-19 in the Mexican population

“…It was highlighted that in the original article [ 1 ] the letter χ was missing in footnote b of Table 1 and on the equation in the Results section on page 5. This Correction article shows the correct Table 1 footnotes and the correct equation.…”