A Survey on the Security of Stateful SDN Data Planes

Abstract

Background: Cognitive Muscular TherapyTM (CMT) is an integrated behavioural intervention developed for knee osteoarthritis. CMT teaches patients to reconceptualise the condition, integrates muscle biofeedback and aims to reduce muscle overactivity, both in response to pain and during daily activities. This nested qualitative study explored patient and physiotherapist perspectives and experiences of CMT.Methods: Five physiotherapists were trained to follow a well-defined protocol and then delivered CMT to at least two patients with knee osteoarthritis. Each patient received seven individual clinical sessions and was provided with access to online learning materials incorporating animated videos. Semi-structured interviews took place after delivery/completion of the intervention and data were analysed at the patient and physiotherapist level.Results: Five physiotherapists and five patients were interviewed. All described a process of changing beliefs throughout their engagement with CMT. A framework with three phases was developed to organise the data according to how osteoarthritis was conceptualised and how this changed throughout their interactions with CMT. Firstly, was an identification of pain beliefs to be challenged and recognition of how current beliefs can misalign with daily experiences. Secondly was a process of challenging and changing beliefs, validated through new experiences. Finally, there was an embedding of changed beliefs into self-management to continue with activities. Conclusion:This study identified a range of psychological changes which occur during exposure to CMT. These changes enabled patients to reconceptualise their condition, develop a new understanding of their body, understand psychological processes, and make sense of their knee pain.

Software-Defined Network (SDN) Data Plane Security: Issues, Solutions, and Future Directions

“…Several different type of applications have already been built atop of the aforementioned stateful data plane solutions including stateful failure recovery [], HULA [51], port knocking [29], SDN tunneling stateful detection [23] and UDP flooding stateful mitigation [23]. While reviewing each of these solutions is out of scope in this work, we refer the interested reader to [35] for a survey.…”

“…If control independent functionalities were to be implemented in stateful data planes, then this would require the use of probe message between forwarding devices, or information passing between switches and 'piggyback' inside regular traffic packets [35]. Securing inter-forwarding device communications is an important issue, which has almost been ignored in the literature so far.…”

A cyber kill chain based taxonomy of banking Trojans for evolutionary computational intelligence

“…Moreover, timing of sent requests can be used as a feature to determine if they are robot made or human made i.e. multiple request in very short period of time usually signifies a bot origin [122]- [124]. Passive Detection; in this technique, we achieve detection through monitoring activities initiated by applications to distinguish between malicious Trojans and benign apps.…”

A real‐time attack defense framework for 5G network slicing

“…Among these security problems, the most relevant has been the controller‐switch communication flood, a kind of Denial of Service (DoS) attack that exploits poor scalability of switch‐to‐controller communication . Since traditional SDN solutions (eg, OpenFlow) implement static flow tables, any stateful control, and processing intelligence is necessarily delegated to the network controller, increasing latency and signaling overhead.…”