A survey on Bluetooth multi-hop networks

Todtenberg, Nicole; Kraemer, Rolf

doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2019.101922

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…With the explosive growth of Bluetooth-enabled devices, Bluetooth technology is another solution for social distancing in both indoor and outdoor environments. In particular, Bluetooth is a wireless technology used for short-range wireless communications in the range from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz [98] , [99] . Bluetooth devices can automatically detect and connect to other devices nearby, forming a kind of ad-hoc called piconet [99] .…”

Section: Wireless Technologies For Social Distancingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey of Enabling and Emerging Technologies for Social Distancing—Part I: Fundamentals and Enabling Technologies

et al. 2020

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Social distancing plays a pivotal role in preventing the spread of viral diseases illnesses such as COVID-19. By minimizing the close physical contact among people, we can reduce the chances of catching the virus and spreading it across the community. This two-part paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey on how emerging technologies, e.g., wireless and networking, artificial intelligence (AI) can enable, encourage, and even enforce social distancing practice. In this Part I, we provide a comprehensive background of social distancing including basic concepts, measurements, models, and propose various practical social distancing scenarios. We then discuss enabling wireless technologies which are especially effective and can be widely adopted in practice to keep distance, encourage, and enforce social distancing in general. These technologies open many new solutions and directions to deal with problems in social distancing, e.g., symptom prediction, detection and monitoring quarantined people, and contact tracing. The companion paper Part II [1] surveys other emerging and related technologies, such as machine learning, computer vision, thermal, ultrasound, etc., and discusses open issues and challenges (e.g., privacypreserving, scheduling, and incentive mechanisms) in implementing social distancing in practice.

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Section: Wireless Technologies For Social Distancingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey of Enabling and Emerging Technologies for Social Distancing—Part I: Fundamentals and Enabling Technologies

et al. 2020

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“…All the transmissions are made every netInt seq except the ones that are inside the left scanWin seq , which should add the maximum value of the random number generator. Then, for example for k = 1, scanInt seq can be expressed as (21). The corresponding scanWin seq is shown in (22) and the final result in (23).…”

Section: G Calculation Of Scanint Seqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, the works that propose new strategies for energy optimization in BLE mesh are scarce, but BLE with its new mesh profile is becoming an interesting and hot topic rapidly. For example, in [21], BLE mesh is proposed as one of the enabler technologies in multihop networks among other possibilities. However, none of the analyzed papers addresses the subject of energy savings in BLE mesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BMADS: BLE Mesh Asynchronous Dynamic Scanning

Perez-Diaz-de-Cerio

Valenzuela

García-Lozano

et al. 2021

IEEE Internet Things J.

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The Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) mesh profile, currently standardized by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), assumes that friend and relay nodes should be continuously scanning the channel ready to receive any incoming transmissions. This is very inefficient in terms of energy consumption. Hence, we present BMADS, an asynchronous dynamic scanning mechanism designed to reduce the overall energy consumption of the mesh network. BMADS is implemented as a new feature for the currently published BLE mesh specifications without modifying its core. This feature reduces the scanning cycles of the nodes, but still ensuring the reliability. To make this possible, BMADS sends a new control message sequence before transmitting the data. This sequence puts the nodes into continuous scan mode, preparing the network for data transmission. The proposal can be used in BLE sensor networks that can tolerate a certain transmission delay and require especially low energy consumption. BMADS allows a theoretical reduction in the energy consumption of the relay nodes up to 98 %.

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“…However, BLE has a short-range coverage, mostly indoors. One of the main advantages of Bluetooth technology is that it can connect a device to multiple devices without requiring any access point and forming an ad-hoc called piconet [18] . In Singapore, the government has developed an open-source contact-tracing protocol called BlueTrace, which is employed in the TraceTogether app [19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 digital contact tracing applications and techniques: A review post initial deployments

Shahroz

Ahmad

Younis

et al. 2021

Transportation Engineering

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe global pandemic that has claimed millions of lives and continues to overwhelm public health systems in many countries. The spread of COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the human mobility patterns such as daily transportation-related behavior of the public. There is a requirement to understand the disease spread patterns and its routes among neighboring individuals for the timely implementation of corrective measures at the required placement. To increase the effectiveness of contact tracing, countries across the globe are leveraging advancements in mobile technology and Internet of Things (IoT) to aid traditional manual contact tracing to track individuals who have come in close contact with identified COVID-19 patients. Even as the first administration of vaccines begins in 2021, the COVID-19 management strategy will continue to be multi-pronged for the foreseeable future with digital contact tracing being a vital component of the response along with the use of preventive measures such as social distancing and the use of face masks. After some months of deployment of digital contact tracing technology, deeper insights into the merits of various approaches and the usability, privacy, and ethical trade-offs involved are emerging. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of digital contact tracing solutions in terms of their methodologies and technologies in the light of the new data emerging about international experiences of deployments of digital contact tracing technology. We also provide a discussion on open challenges such as scalability, privacy, adaptability and highlight promising directions for future work.

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A survey on Bluetooth multi-hop networks

Cited by 26 publications

References 74 publications

A Comprehensive Survey of Enabling and Emerging Technologies for Social Distancing—Part I: Fundamentals and Enabling Technologies

A Comprehensive Survey of Enabling and Emerging Technologies for Social Distancing—Part I: Fundamentals and Enabling Technologies

BMADS: BLE Mesh Asynchronous Dynamic Scanning

COVID-19 digital contact tracing applications and techniques: A review post initial deployments

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