A Survey of the Causes of Civil Conflicts: Natural Factors and Economic Conditions

Abstract

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Pathogens, Weather Shocks and Civil Conflicts

“…Previous studies have exploited exogenous variation in weather conditions that have been interpreted as economic shocks (Miguel et al ., , Couttenier and Soubeyran, ; Couttenier and Berman, ). Blattman and Miguel () and Couttenier and Soubeyran () provide recent surveys of the literature. Consistent with the evidence shown in the present article, health‐related shocks can also be interpreted as negative economic shocks (in a broader sense) in view of their impact on labour productivity (or the opportunity costs for supplying labour to production rather than predation), or on the costs of medication and medical treatment, and more generally on living conditions (above and beyond income).…”

Untitled

“…Since we know that civil war is the least common status for a state, it is important to determine which are the characteristics associated with its emergence in a given country. These characteristics are also called "predictors" of civil conflicts in the associated literature (Couttenier and Soubeyran, 2015), and the model which we selected to determine those predictors, as we will see later, suggests that many of them have something to do with ethnicity and discrimination.…”

The Aims of Career Development Policy: Towards a Comprehensive Framework

“…Youth unemployment continues to be a global issue, with some regions, such as North Africa, facing a formidable challenge (ILO, 2018), and these regions may tend to be prone to political instability. There remains some debate as to the importance of unemployment and economic inequality as causal factors in the outbreak, duration and intensity of civil unrest; they probably interact with other local, social, political, and ecological factors (Couttenier & Soubeyran, 2015).…”