A survey of sex chromatin abnormalities in mental hospitals.

MacLean, Nancy; Brown, William; Jacobs, PatriciaA.; Mantle, David; Strong, Judith A.

doi:10.1136/jmg.5.3.165

Cited by 68 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…This agrees with previous reports of an increased frequency among the mentally subnormal, e.g. 3.95/1000 by Hamerton (1971), 4.3/1000 by Barr et al (1969), and 4.6/1000 by Maclean et al (1968).…”

supporting

confidence: 94%

Chromosome survey of total population of mentally subnormal in North-East of Scotland.

Speed¹,

Johnston²,

Evans³

1976

Journal of Medical Genetics

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The origin of the register for the mentally subnormal has already been described (Innes, Kidd, and Ross, 1968) and in the present paper we report on the results of a cytogenetic survey of these individuals. The survey formed part of a comprehensive study on biochemical, social, psychological, and family aspects of the registered individuals. These other results will be presented elsewhere. 295All persons on the register were included, whether they resided at home or in subnormality hospitals or other institutional care. The availability of beds and the policy regarding admission should not, therefore, affect ascertainment. Some individuals in fact changed their placement during the course of the survey. However, facilities for the identification and care of the retarded, which are closely linked functions, have been developed at different rates in the various counties within the region. In the more remote areas also, there is little incentive to notify such ind-ividuals, especially when high grade. These people are often accepted in rural communities and gainfully employed. Such factors will lead to under-ascertainment, again, particularly for the high-grade individual who has left school and also for preschool children with mild defect who may not be recognized unless other malformations are present. In contrast, notification is likely to be most complete in the City of Aberdeen because of the early provision of facilities, culminating in the opening of a special school in 1956, and in the whole area, for those of school age. The final number of those included in the survey

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supporting

confidence: 94%

Chromosome survey of total population of mentally subnormal in North-East of Scotland.

Speed¹,

Johnston²,

Evans³

1976

Journal of Medical Genetics

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“…Early studies of KS revealed an increased risk of psychiatric disturbances, criminal behavior, and mental retardation (25)(26)(27), but this could not be confirmed by later prospective studies based on chromosome surveys (6,28).…”

Section: Consequence Of Missing the Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 92%

Prenatal and Postnatal Prevalence of Klinefelter Syndrome: A National Registry Study

Bojesen

Juul

Gravholt

2003

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

766

540

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The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of Klinefelter syndrome (KS) prenatally and postnatally in Denmark and determine the influence of maternal age. All chromosomal examinations in Denmark are registered in the Danish Cytogenetic Central Registry. Individuals with KS diagnosed prenatally or postnatally were extracted from the registry with information about age at the time of diagnosis and mother's age. In the period 1970-2000, 76,526 prenatal examinations on male fetuses resulted in the diagnosis of 163 fetuses with KS karyotype, corresponding to a prevalence of 213 per 100,000 male fetuses. Standardization according to maternal age resulted in a prevalence of 153 per 100,000 males. Postnatally, 696 males of 2,480,858 live born were diagnosed with KS, corresponding to a prevalence among adult men of approximately 40 per 100,000. Less than 10% of the expected number was diagnosed before puberty. Advanced maternal age had a significant impact on the prevalence. KS is severely underdiagnosed in Denmark. Only approximately one fourth of adult males with KS are diagnosed. There is a marked delay in diagnosis of the syndrome. A delay in treatment with testosterone may lead to decreased muscle and bone mass with subsequent risk of osteoporosis.

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“…Chromosome surveys of the prison population or of patients of mental institutions included thousands of individuals. For example, a survey of sex chromatin abnormalities in patients of mental hospitals in Scotland conducted by the Edinburgh group in the late 1960s included over 13,000 individuals (MacLean, Court Brown, Jacobs, Mantle, & Strong, 1968). A chromosome study in penal institutions and approved schools conducted by other researchers of the same group some years later included over 2500 individuals (Jacobs, Price, Richmond, & Ratcliff, 1971).…”

Section: Population Cytogeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome surveys of human populations: Between epidemiology and anthropology

Chadarevian

2014

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in

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A survey of sex chromatin abnormalities in mental hospitals.

Cited by 68 publications

References 16 publications

Chromosome survey of total population of mentally subnormal in North-East of Scotland.

Chromosome survey of total population of mentally subnormal in North-East of Scotland.

Prenatal and Postnatal Prevalence of Klinefelter Syndrome: A National Registry Study

Chromosome surveys of human populations: Between epidemiology and anthropology

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