Chromosome survey of total population of mentally subnormal in North-East of Scotland.

Abstract

The origin of the register for the mentally subnormal has already been described (Innes, Kidd, and Ross, 1968) and in the present paper we report on the results of a cytogenetic survey of these individuals. The survey formed part of a comprehensive study on biochemical, social, psychological, and family aspects of the registered individuals. These other results will be presented elsewhere. 295All persons on the register were included, whether they resided at home or in subnormality hospitals or other institutional care. The availability of beds and the policy regarding admission should not, therefore, affect ascertainment. Some individuals in fact changed their placement during the course of the survey. However, facilities for the identification and care of the retarded, which are closely linked functions, have been developed at different rates in the various counties within the region. In the more remote areas also, there is little incentive to notify such ind-ividuals, especially when high grade. These people are often accepted in rural communities and gainfully employed. Such factors will lead to under-ascertainment, again, particularly for the high-grade individual who has left school and also for preschool children with mild defect who may not be recognized unless other malformations are present. In contrast, notification is likely to be most complete in the City of Aberdeen because of the early provision of facilities, culminating in the opening of a special school in 1956, and in the whole area, for those of school age. The final number of those included in the survey

The pattern of down syndrome among children in Qatar: A population‐based study

“…This figure is close to that in Kuwait (96.2%) (AlAwadi et al, 1990) and it is a little higher than the frequency reported in other countries: Scotland (94.1%) (Speed et al, 1976), UK and Wales (94.3%) (Mutton et al, 1996), and France (94.1%) (Stoll et al, 1990). However, there is a big difference for Belgium (92.1%) Cassiman et al, 1975) and Canada (86%) (Platt et al, 2004).…”

“…Other studies reported that the frequency of DS mosaicism varies from 0 to 4.6% (Speed et al, 1976;Monni et al, 2005).…”

Chromosomal and biochemical screening on mentally retarded school children in Taiwan

“…Various surveys have been carried out in the past two decades in different parts of the world to karyotype patients with mental retardation (Sutherland and Wiener, 1971;Cassiman et aL, 1975;Coco and Penchaszadeh, 1976;Speed et aL, 1976;Sutherland et al, 1976;Jacobs et aL, 1978;Moghe et aL, 1981;Wuu et al, 1984). Some researchers have examined the chromosomes of all mental retardates in an institution (Jacobs et aL, 1978) or in a regional population (Speed et aL, 1976), while others have selected the patients before karyotyping (Coco and Penchaszadeh, 1976;Moghe et aL, 1981). These studies unequivocally demonstrate that mentally retarded patients with associated congenital abnormalities have a higher frequency of chromosomal abnormalities than those without.…”

Clinical and cytogenetic survey of institutionalized mentally retarded patients with emphasis on the fragile‐X syndrome

“…The prevalence of chromosome anomalies in mentally retarded males in earlier studies before the fragile-X syndrome was recognized ranged from 11·9% (Speed et al 1976) to 17·6% (Sutherland et al 1976). Institutional screening of mentally retarded males for the fragile-X syndrome produced a range of 1·6% (Sutherland 1982) to 6·2% (Froster-Iskenius et al 1983).…”