A survey of reservoir hosts in two foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kerman province, southeast of Iran

Ghaffari, Daryoush; Parizi, Maryam Hakimi; Ershadi, Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi; Sharifi, Iraj; Akhavan, Amir Ahmad

doi:10.1007/s12639-013-0275-8

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Another interesting point is the difference in type of leishmaniasis in Yazd and the outskirts of Yazd, because Yazd is foci of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis [ 19 ] and P. sergenti, the vector of urban leishmaniasis, was the most prevalent species in Yazd, whereas zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is mostly reported from the outskirts of Yazd [ 20 ] which had the highest population of P. papatasi, the most important vector of rural cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this case, the presence of plants such as Haloxylon and gerbil colonies are two important ecological factors in the zoonotic foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Seasonal Activity of Phlebotominae Sand Flies in Yazd and Its Outskirts, Center of Iran

Mirhoseini

Salehzadeh

Jamaat

et al. 2017

The Scientific World Journal

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Background Phlebotominae sand flies are the main vectors of leishmaniasis and some other diseases. Materials and Methods Using sticky traps, sand flies were collected fortnightly from outdoors and indoors areas of selected sites. Results A total of 2032 specimens (498 in the city and 1534 in the outskirts of Yazd) belonging to 11 species were collected. The activity of sand flies started in early-April and ended in mid-November. There were two peaks of activity in the end of April and mid-September. Phlebotomus sergenti and P. papatasi were the most abundant species in the city and outskirts of Yazd city, respectively. Other species were P. salehi, P. ansarii, P. kazerouni, P. caucasicus, P. andrejevi, P. alexandri, P. mongolensis, Sergentomyia sintoni, and S. palestinensis. Conclusion In comparison to some other parts of Iran, the extended period between two peaks suggests that the larvae to adult development of sand fly were delayed by the higher temperature of the summer months in Yazd province.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Seasonal Activity of Phlebotominae Sand Flies in Yazd and Its Outskirts, Center of Iran

Mirhoseini

Salehzadeh

Jamaat

et al. 2017

The Scientific World Journal

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“…Very few studies have evaluated the involvement of companion animals in the epidemiology of L. major infection. A study from the Kerman province in southeast Iran, a focus of human L. major cutaneous leishmaniasis, has evaluated dogs and rodents as reservoirs for this infection and found no evidence of canine involvement [ 20 ]. Nevertheless, another study from Turkey detected widespread sub-clinical L. major and L. tropica infections in cats from the Aegean region of Turkey [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania major infection in a dog with cutaneous manifestations

et al. 2016

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BackgroundLeishmania major is a main cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans in an area that stretches from India through Central Asia, the Middle East, to North and West Africa. In Israel, it is a common infection of humans with rodents as the reservoir hosts and Phlebotomus papatasi as its sand fly vector.FindingsA 6 months old spayed female mixed breed dog was referred to the Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a large ulcerative dermal lesion on the muzzle, and lesions in the foot pads and left hind leg. Histopathology of a skin biopsy found chronic lymphohistiocytic dermatitis with the presence of Leishmania spp. amastigotes in the muzzle. Physical examination indicated that the dog was overall in a good clinical condition and the main findings were the skin lesions and enlarged prescapular lymph nodes. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry profile were within reference ranges. Serology by ELISA was positive for Leishmania spp. and PCR of the prescapular lymph node was positive by an ITS1 region PCR-high resolution melt analysis. However, the melt curve and subsequent DNA sequencing indicated that infection was caused by L. major and not L. infantum, which is the main causative agent of canine leishmaniosis in the Mediterranean region. DNA was extracted from the paraffin embedded muzzle biopsy and PCR with sequencing also indicated L. major. The dog’s young age and the absence of hyperglobulinemia and anemia were not typical of L. infantum infection. The dog was treated with allopurinol and the skin lesions improved and later disappeared when the dog was re-evaluated.ConclusionsThis is the first molecularly-confirmed case of L. major infection in a dog. Two previous reports of L. major in dogs originated from Saudi-Arabia and Egypt in 1985 and 1987 were confirmed by enzymatic biochemical techniques. Serology for L. infantum was positive probably due to the well documented serological cross-reactivity between Leishmania spp. Although dogs and wild carnivores are not considered main reservoirs for L. major, the possibility of clinical canine disease and their potential as secondary hosts should be investigated in areas endemic for human L. major infection.

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“…Murid mammals have been determined as the natural reservoirs of Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis infection (ZCL). For example, Rhombomys opimus is documented as the major reservoir of ZCL in central and northeast; M. libycus, T. indica and N. indica in the center towards southwest Iran (Mirzaei et al 2011;Ghaffari et al 2013). As a consequence Meriones persicus is the frequent host for Pulicid fleas in Iran (Maleki-Ravasan et al 2017) followed by M. musculus and C.migratorius (Cricetidae).…”

Section: Licementioning

confidence: 99%

The fauna and perspective of rodentia ectoparasites in Iran relying on their roles within public health and veterinary characteristics

Khosravani

2017

J Parasit Dis

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Historically, rodents-ectoparasites are responsible for many diseases in human and domestic animal communities because they are well-adapted to the environment and nutritional resources. In addition, ectoparasites can affect the reproductive rates, ecological fitness and the dispersal pattern of their hosts. Data was compiled through all publications relating to ectoparasites fauna from Iranian rodents. Host specificity, rodent-parasites interaction, geographical distribution, ecological trends as well as the medical or veterinary importance of ectoparasites are considered in this review. Also, results compared with other equal global findings. According to the obtained information, the genus considered being the major vector of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Sistan-Balouchistan, Isfahan, Fars and Khuzestan are endemic provinces of this disease in Iran. Ixodes ticks (especially spp.) commonly existed throughout the months but had high activity in spring and late autumn seasons. Muridae as the most diversified rodent family was more reiterated exploited host by all parasites in this knowledge. confirmed as a positive host for by serological test but the definitive reservoir is still unclear in Iran. as a nocturnal jird has been permanently presented in semi-desert areas except Dasht-e Kavir desert. This rodent was the frequent host for Pulicid fleas followed by and (Cricetidae). was specialized host for (spiny rat louse). from Pulicidae was spread in particularly west of Iran which known as an endemic focus of plague. Mites were high diversity than other taxa. The domestic vertebrates (sheep, goat and cattle) were primitive hosts and rodents were discovered as auxiliary hosts for ticks in Iran apparently. The available data suggested that lice had a type of model of host specificity due to their morphological traits. Meanwhile, Alborz and Zagros mountains ranges provided the specialized habitats for animals which have been surrounded by northern and western regions. Perhaps these mountainous areas can prevent gene flow between local mammalian populations. Notably, the genealogy of parasite genome can orient toward the evolutionary process into speciation point. In general, more researches are needed to decipher the whole sights of host-parasite association and the role of ectoparasites within zoonosis diseases.

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A survey of reservoir hosts in two foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kerman province, southeast of Iran

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Distribution and Seasonal Activity of Phlebotominae Sand Flies in Yazd and Its Outskirts, Center of Iran

Distribution and Seasonal Activity of Phlebotominae Sand Flies in Yazd and Its Outskirts, Center of Iran

Leishmania major infection in a dog with cutaneous manifestations

The fauna and perspective of rodentia ectoparasites in Iran relying on their roles within public health and veterinary characteristics

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