A survey of powertrain configuration studies on hybrid electric vehicles

Zhuang, Weichao; Li, Shengbo; Zhang, Xiaowu; Kum, Dongsuk; Song, Ziyou; Yin, Guodong; Ju, Fei

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114553

Cited by 142 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…As the sine qua non of a combustion engine's operation is the combustion event itself, it is important to focus on combustion phenomena and their fundamental causes and practical implications when considering any aspect of the use of conventional vehicles. Even plug-in hybrids and range extended EVs are equipped with a combustion engine which is used for a non-negligible portion of the vehicle's lifetime [53,54]; only battery electric vehicles (BEV) with no range extender are completely combustion-free during use [55][56][57]. Thus, research on combustion itself remains an essential and indispensable part of efforts to improve the environmental performance of vehicles, even (and arguably especially) in the age of powertrain electrification.…”

Section: Summary and Overall Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in the number of degrees of freedom resulting from powertrain hybridisation and adequate consideration of the long-term energy balance under realistic real-world conditions [53] significantly complicates development and optimisation processes. The market currently contains a wider variety of solutions and overall powertrain characteristics than is sometimes assumed (see [54] for a detailed review). This diversity of options, plus the vast scale of a modern electronic powertrain control strategy (calibration), mean that methods and strategies employed in the past are simply no longer viable in some cases.…”

Section: Summary and Overall Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

World-wide trends in powertrain system development in light of emissions legislation, fuels, lubricants, and test methods

Bielaczyc¹,

Woodburn²,

Joshi³

2021

Combustion Engines

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Both the light- and heavy-duty sectors of the automotive industry are currently under unprecedented pressure from a wide range of factors, particularly in terms of environmental performance and fuel consumption. Test procedures have undergone massive changes and continue to evolve, meaning that standards are becoming much harder to meet, especially in Europe but also in other continents. Such developments force changes in testing methodology, the development of powertrains themselves and their aftertreatment systems and strategies and calibrations. A range of strategies are available to overcome these difficulties, as explored during the VIII Congress on Combustion Engines organised by the Polish Scientific Society of Combustion Engines (PTNSS) and hosted at Krakow University of Technology, Poland in June 2019. This paper reports and summarises the topics of the VIII PTNSS Congress and attempts a synthesis on the current status of the field of LD ad HD IC engines, hybrid powertrains and electric vehicles, engine fuel and oil and what the coming years may hold for the automotive and fuel industries and other allied fields.

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Section: Summary and Overall Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary and Overall Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

World-wide trends in powertrain system development in light of emissions legislation, fuels, lubricants, and test methods

Bielaczyc¹,

Woodburn²,

Joshi³

2021

Combustion Engines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) promise many benefits for future mobility, including reducing traffic congestion, enhancing vehicle safety and improving energy efficiency of transportation system [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. As an essential function of CAVs, robust and accurate localization has been widely studied in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Inter-Vehicle Distance Measurement Using Cooperative Vehicle Localization

Wang

Zhuang

Yin

et al. 2021

Sensors

Self Cite

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Precise localization is critical to safety for connected and automated vehicles (CAV). The global navigation satellite system is the most common vehicle positioning method and has been widely studied to improve localization accuracy. In addition to single-vehicle localization, some recently developed CAV applications require accurate measurement of the inter-vehicle distance (IVD). Thus, this paper proposes a cooperative localization framework that shares the absolute position or pseudorange by using V2X communication devices to estimate the IVD. Four IVD estimation methods are presented: Absolute Position Differencing (APD), Pseudorange Differencing (PD), Single Differencing (SD) and Double Differencing (DD). Several static and dynamic experiments are conducted to evaluate and compare their measurement accuracy. The results show that the proposed methods may have different performances under different conditions. The DD shows the superior performance among the four methods if the uncorrelated errors are small or negligible (static experiment or dynamic experiment with open-sky conditions). When multi-path errors emerge due to the blocked GPS signal, the PD method using the original pseudorange is more effective because the uncorrelated errors cannot be eliminated by the differential technique.

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“…Transportation sector is counted as one of the major contributors to the anthropogenic emission of these gases [2]. Electrification of vehicles through the introduction of hybrid electric and pure electric vehicle technologies has been considered as a potential solution for decarbonization of the conventional vehicles [3]. However, the limitations of these technologies, such as fossil fuel dependency in the former and limited driving autonomy as well as slow recharging rate in the latter, have paved the way for the emergence of other sources such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs) in electrified vehicles [4].…”

Section: Introduction 1motivation and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the impact of ageing and thermal management of a fuel cell system on energy management strategies

et al. 2020

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This paper studies the impact of two significant aspects, namely fuel cell (FC) degradation and thermal management, over the performance of an optimal and a rule-based energy management strategy (EMS) in a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV). To do so, firstly, a vehicle model is developed in simulation environment for a low-speed FCHEV composed of a FC stack and a battery pack. Subsequently, deterministic dynamic programming (DP), as an optimal strategy, and bounded load following strategy (BLFS), as a common rule-based strategy, are utilized to minimize the hydrogen consumption while respecting the operating constraints of the power sources. The performance of the EMSs is assessed in different scenarios. The first objective is to clarify the effect of FC stack degradation on the performance of the vehicle. In this regard, each EMS determines the required current from the FC stack for two FCs with different levels of degradation. The second objective is to evaluate the thermal management contribution in improving the performance for the new FC compared to the considered cases in scenario one. In this respect, each strategy deals with determining two control variables (FC current and cooling fan duty cycle). The results of this study indicate that negligence of adapting to the PEMFC health state, as the PEMFC gets aged, can increase the hydrogen consumption up to 24.8% in DP and 12.1% in BLFS. Moreover, the integration of temperature dimension into the EMS can diminish the hydrogen consumption by 4.1% and 5.3% in DP and BLFS respectively.

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A survey of powertrain configuration studies on hybrid electric vehicles

Cited by 142 publications

References 99 publications

World-wide trends in powertrain system development in light of emissions legislation, fuels, lubricants, and test methods

World-wide trends in powertrain system development in light of emissions legislation, fuels, lubricants, and test methods

Robust Inter-Vehicle Distance Measurement Using Cooperative Vehicle Localization

Investigating the impact of ageing and thermal management of a fuel cell system on energy management strategies

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