A survey of blockchain applications in sustainable and smart cities

Makani, Shanmukha; Pittala, Rachitha; Alsayed, Eitaa; Aloqaily, Moayad; Jararweh, Yaser

doi:10.1007/s10586-022-03625-z

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…6 , where the scholarly focus shifted from criticizing the fragmentation of smart cities and sustainable cities toward developing more integrated models of urbanism. Among the prominent models that emerged during and beyond the period 2020–2021 include: sustainable and smart cities (Makani et al 2022 ), eco-friendly and sustainable smart cities (Almalki et al 2021 ), sustainable smart cities (Al-Dabbagh 2022 ; Kim et al 2021 ; Saravanan and Sakthinathan 2021 ; Tripathi et al 2022 ), environmentally sustainable smart cities (Singh et al 2022 ), environmentally data-driven sustainable smart cities (Bibri and Krogstie 2020 ), circular smart cities (e.g., (Abou Baker et al 2021 ; Núñez-Cacho et al 2022 ). circular smart and connected cities (Sertyesilisik 2023 ), circular virtual smart cities (Allam et al 2022b ; Musti 2020 ) and artificially intelligent and sustainable smart cities (Gourisaria et al 2023 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus of this study is on the environmental dimension of sustainability in smart cities. Several studies have, in more recent years, been conducted on emerging environmentally sustainable smart cities (Al-Dabbagh 2022 ; Kim et al 2021 ; Makani et al 2022 ; Saravanan and Sakthinathan 2021 ; Shruti et al 2019 ; Singh et al 2022 ; Tripathi et al 2022 ). Indeed, they had tended to be limited until more recently compared to environmentally smart sustainable cities, which have gained popularity and become widely accepted since the mid-2010s.…”

Section: Research Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this situation being compounded by the increased uncertainty of the world, it is becoming more challenging for both smart cities and sustainable cities to reach the environmental targets of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11—without the adoption of the applied solutions of the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data (Bibri and Krogstie 2020 ), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies (Yigitcanlar et al 2020 ). Indeed, smart cities and sustainable cities have recently started to integrate a wide variety of these data-driven technologies and green technologies and support those technological and environmental innovations capable of enabling and delivering environmentally sustainable urban development (Almalki et al 2021 ; Gourisaria et al 2023 ; Makani et al 2022 ; Saravanan and Sakthinathan 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmentally sustainable smart cities and their converging AI, IoT, and big data technologies and solutions: an integrated approach to an extensive literature review

et al. 2023

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There have recently been intensive efforts aimed at addressing the challenges of environmental degradation and climate change through the applied innovative solutions of AI, IoT, and Big Data. Given the synergistic potential of these advanced technologies, their convergence is being embraced and leveraged by smart cities in an attempt to make progress toward reaching the environmental targets of sustainable development goals under what has been termed “environmentally sustainable smart cities.” This new paradigm of urbanism represents a significant research gap in and of itself. To fill this gap, this study explores the key research trends and driving factors of environmentally sustainable smart cities and maps their thematic evolution. Further, it examines the fragmentation, amalgamation, and transition of their underlying models of urbanism as well as their converging AI, IoT, and Big Data technologies and solutions. It employs and combines bibliometric analysis and evidence synthesis methods. A total of 2,574 documents were collected from the Web of Science database and compartmentalized into three sub-periods: 1991–2015, 2016–2019, and 2020–2021. The results show that environmentally sustainable smart cities are a rapidly growing trend that markedly escalated during the second and third periods—due to the acceleration of the digitalization and decarbonization agendas—thanks to COVID-19 and the rapid advancement of data-driven technologies. The analysis also reveals that, while the overall priority research topics have been dynamic over time—some AI models and techniques and environmental sustainability areas have received more attention than others. The evidence synthesized indicates that the increasing criticism of the fragmentation of smart cities and sustainable cities, the widespread diffusion of the SDGs agenda, and the dominance of advanced ICT have significantly impacted the materialization of environmentally sustainable smart cities, thereby influencing the landscape and dynamics of smart cities. It also suggests that the convergence of AI, IoT, and Big Data technologies provides new approaches to tackling the challenges of environmental sustainability. However, these technologies involve environmental costs and pose ethical risks and regulatory conundrums. The findings can inform scholars and practitioners of the emerging data-driven technology solutions of smart cities, as well as assist policymakers in designing and implementing responsive environmental policies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmentally sustainable smart cities and their converging AI, IoT, and big data technologies and solutions: an integrated approach to an extensive literature review

et al. 2023

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“…The accountability of the urban water authority can become more sustainable within the framework of blockchain. Alnahari and Ariaratnam (2022), Lukić et al (2022), Makani et al (2022), Kim et al (2022) and Kumar et al (2022) investigate the possible blockchain application for smart cities. It is summarized that blockchain has the potential to enhance water security and accountability through the distribution of transparent, secure ledger accounts.…”

Section: Urban Water Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Applications and Opportunities for Water Resources and Hydrology: A Systematic Review

Satilmsioglu¹,

Sermet²,

Demir³

2023

Preprint

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Although blockchain technology was first applied for peer-to-peer financial transactions, it has been used for the digitalization of physical asset management and data management processes in many areas in the industry and academia, including the water domain. Its potential as an immutable data storage system and smart contract integration has provided a plethora of use cases and utility in the domain of hydrology and water resources. In this article, a comprehensive systematic literature review on blockchain applications, opportunities and challenges for the water sector is conducted. The study provides the examination of academic publications, technical reports, whitepapers, hackathon projects, non-academic content and evaluation of the published year, focused hydrology sub-domain, utilized blockchain networks, tools, and development level of application of reviewed content. The current status of blockchain technology in the hydrology literature, potential application areas in the water sector, research gaps, and challenges are discussed from different perspectives, and future study areas are recommended.

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“…The [14] presents how the emerging blockchain technology can be implemented into smart city services. This survey also discusses some areas where Blockchain can be implemented to enhance the growth of smart cities like smart government, smart transportation, smart management, trade & finance, smart grid, smart healthcare, smart home, and others.…”

Section: Blockchain For Smart Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using FIWARE and blockchain in smart cities solutions

Loss

Singh²,

Cacho

et al. 2022

Cluster Comput

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Nowadays, Blockchain has been widely used to store decentralized and secure transactions involving cryptocurrency, e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc. However, Blockchain can also store other types of information besides monetary transactions. On the other hand, innovative solutions for smart cities are concerned with how services and information can be safely stored and shared. For this reason, smart city systems can benefit from using Blockchain to integrate their data and services. These smart solutions also demand consistency and standardization across the industry. However, this Blockchain integration varies according to its implementation. FIWARE, a framework of an open-source platform for smart solutions, adopts NGSI Standards (Context Information Management (CIM); NGSI-LD API: Tech. Rep., CIM and ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG), 2020) to enable the integration of components and provides the basis for interoperability and portability among smart solutions. Unfortunately, FIWARE does not support any integration with Blockchain technology. Hence, this paper proposes a set of new components to allow FIWARE to be integrated with Blockchain technology. With these proposed components, it is possible to support Blockchain technology with smart city applications via the FIWARE platform. For instance, we have designed and implemented a FIWARE Blockchain adapter to submit/listen to transactions from/to FIWARE Context Broker to/from any Blockchain implementation without human intervention. In addition, we present a global post-pandemic vaccination case study to evaluate the proposed approach in the Smart City context.

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A survey of blockchain applications in sustainable and smart cities

Cited by 35 publications

References 102 publications

Environmentally sustainable smart cities and their converging AI, IoT, and big data technologies and solutions: an integrated approach to an extensive literature review

Environmentally sustainable smart cities and their converging AI, IoT, and big data technologies and solutions: an integrated approach to an extensive literature review

Blockchain Applications and Opportunities for Water Resources and Hydrology: A Systematic Review

Using FIWARE and blockchain in smart cities solutions

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