“…The intensity noise is converted to triangular noise during demodulation, which results in a serious problem, especially in higher-frequency bands. Taking account of these noise factors, the fundamental CNR characteristic is defined [2] by where ∆F is frequency deviation per channel of the FDM signal, B AM is its channel bandwidth, f AM is modulating frequency, m opt is optical modulation index of the FM signal, R is conversion efficiency of the APD, P r is optical received power on the APD, M is multiplication factor of the APD, B FM is FM transmission bandwidth, N _RIN is relative intensity noise (RIN) of the optical received signal, N _shot is shot noise, and N _thermal is thermal noise of the optical receiver.…”