“…Solving a grating equation, the relationship the position, x, with the optical frequency, f, is expressed as A cos (f fclY (14) where A, H, 9, c, and f are the period of the grating, the focal length, the angle of the first diffraction, the light speed, and the optical frequency, respectively. If ffc A< «c in Eq(14), x is approximately expressed as z = -P (f -fc),…”