A subsurface chlorophyll a bloom induced by typhoon in the South China Sea

Ye, H.J.; Sui, Yanping; Tang, Danling; Afanasyev, Y. D.

doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.04.010

Cited by 87 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Based on satellite and shipboard data, several studies have shown that typhoon‐induced vertical mixing can increase the surface Chl a [ Zhao et al ., ; Ye et al ., ; Zhao et al ., ; Tang et al ., ]. Given the existence of the SCM, the increased Chl a at the surface is caused partly by mixing subsurface chlorophyll a up to the surface, which is referred to as physical process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of physical and biogeochemical processes to phytoplankton biomass enhancement in the surface and subsurface layers during the passage of Typhoon Damrey

et al. 2017

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In this study, a one‐dimensional physical‐biogeochemical coupled model was established to investigate the responses of the upper ocean to Typhoon Damrey in the basin area of the South China Sea. The surface chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a) increased rapidly from 0.07 to 0.17 mg m−3 when the typhoon arrived and then gradually reached a peak of 0.61 mg m−3 after the typhoon's passage. The subsurface Chl a decreased from 0.34 to 0.17 mg m−3 as the typhoon arrived and then increased gradually to 0.71 mg m−3. Analyses of model results indicated that the initial rapid increase in the surface Chl a and the decrease in the subsurface Chl a were caused mainly by physical process (vertical mixing), whereas the subsequent gradual increases in the Chl a in both the surface and subsurface layers were due mainly to biogeochemical processes (net growth of phytoplankton). The gradual increase in the Chl a lasted for longer in the subsurface layer than in the surface layer. Typhoon Damrey yielded an integrated primary production (IPP) of 6.5 × 103 mg C m−2 (~14% of the annual IPP in this region).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of physical and biogeochemical processes to phytoplankton biomass enhancement in the surface and subsurface layers during the passage of Typhoon Damrey

et al. 2017

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“…These nutrients may trigger a rapid increase in phytoplankton biomass (mostly picophytoplankton in the SCS [ Ning et al ., ; Hung et al ., ]). On the other hand, the upwelling and vertical mixing induced by a tropical cyclone as a result of strong winds may transport deeper water with high Chl a to the surface, as reported in other areas of the SCS [ Lin et al ., ; Zhao et al ., ; Ye et al ., ] and is consistent with the presence of a deep Chl a in the sampling area at a depth of 40–60 m (see above). This can cause high surface Chl a concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced sea‐air CO₂ exchange influenced by a tropical depression in the South China Sea

et al. 2014

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Ship measurements made 2 days after the passage of a tropical depression (TD) in the South China Sea (SCS, April 2011) showed two contrasted responses of the partial pressure of CO 2 at sea surface (pCO 2,sw ). In low sea-surface salinity (SSS) water, pCO 2,sw was low (349 6 7 latm), and the area was a carbon sink (24.7 6 1.8 mmol CO 2 m 22 d 21 ), whereas in water with high SSS and chlorophyll a and low dissolved oxygen and sea surface temperature, pCO 2,sw was higher than for normal SCS water (376 6 8 versus 362 6 4 latm) and the area was a carbon source (1.2 6 3.1 mmol CO 2 m 22 d 21 ). Satellite data showed two large areas of low SSS before the TD, which were likely influenced by rainfall, and these areas were considered to have low pCO 2,sw because of their low SSS. The high pCO 2,sw after the TD is explained by the uplifting to the surface of deeper and CO 2 -rich water, due to winds accompanied by the TD. The difference in sea-air CO 2 flux between the TD-affected area and the lower-SSS water was 1.99 1 4.70 5 6.7 mmol CO 2 m 22 d 21 , indicating a 100% change caused by the TD compared to the average seasonal value in spring in southern SCS (3.3 6 0.3 mmol CO 2 m 22 d 21 ). Undersaturation of CO 2 prior to the TD due to dilution by freshwater and the preexisting cold eddy, and slow translation speed of the TD, are considered to account for the CO 2 flux change.

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“…At all CTD stations except for Stations 4 and 16, Chla was determined by fluorescence based on the methodology suggested by Ye et al . []. The hydrographic profiles of three Argo floats to be used in this study were extracted from the International Argo Program (http://www.argodatamgt.org/).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storm‐induced changes in pCO₂ at the sea surface over the northern South China Sea during Typhoon Wutip

Jiang

Tang

et al. 2017

JGR Oceans

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In situ oceanographic measurements were made before and after the passage of Typhoon Wutip in September 2013 over the northern South China Sea. The surface geostrophic circulation over this region inferred from satellite altimetry data features a large‐size anticyclonic eddy, a small‐size cyclonic eddy, and smaller‐size eddies during this period. Significant typhoon‐induced changes occurred in the partial pressure of CO2 at the sea surface (pCO2sea) during Wutip. Before the passage of Wutip, pCO2sea was about 392.92 ± 1.83, 390.31 ± 0.50, and 393.04 ± 4.31 μatm over the cyclonic eddy water, the anticyclonic eddy water, and areas outside two eddies, respectively. The entire study region showed a carbon source (1.31 ± 0.46 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1) before Wutip. In the cyclonic eddy water after Wutip, high sea surface salinity (SSS), low sea surface temperature (SST), and high pCO2sea (413.05 ± 7.56 μatm) made this area to be a carbon source (3.30 ± 0.75 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1). In the anticyclonic eddy water after Wutip, both the SSS and SST were lower, pCO2sea was also lower (383.03 ± 3.72 μatm), and this area became a carbon sink (–0.11 ± 0.55 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1), in comparison with the pretyphoon conditions. The typhoon‐induced air‐sea CO2 flux reached about 0.03 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1. Noticeable spatial variations in pCO2sea were affected mainly by the typhoon‐induced mixing/upwelling and vertical stratifications. This study suggests that the local air‐sea CO2 flux in the study region was affected significantly by oceanographic conditions during the typhoon.

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A subsurface chlorophyll a bloom induced by typhoon in the South China Sea

Cited by 87 publications

References 33 publications

Contributions of physical and biogeochemical processes to phytoplankton biomass enhancement in the surface and subsurface layers during the passage of Typhoon Damrey

Contributions of physical and biogeochemical processes to phytoplankton biomass enhancement in the surface and subsurface layers during the passage of Typhoon Damrey

Enhanced sea‐air CO₂ exchange influenced by a tropical depression in the South China Sea

Storm‐induced changes in pCO₂ at the sea surface over the northern South China Sea during Typhoon Wutip

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A subsurface chlorophyll a bloom induced by typhoon in the South China Sea

Cited by 87 publications

References 33 publications

Contributions of physical and biogeochemical processes to phytoplankton biomass enhancement in the surface and subsurface layers during the passage of Typhoon Damrey

Contributions of physical and biogeochemical processes to phytoplankton biomass enhancement in the surface and subsurface layers during the passage of Typhoon Damrey

Enhanced sea‐air CO2 exchange influenced by a tropical depression in the South China Sea

Storm‐induced changes in pCO2 at the sea surface over the northern South China Sea during Typhoon Wutip

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Enhanced sea‐air CO₂ exchange influenced by a tropical depression in the South China Sea

Storm‐induced changes in pCO₂ at the sea surface over the northern South China Sea during Typhoon Wutip