A Subgroup 1 Tobamovirus Isolated from Brugmansia sp. and its Detection by RT‐PCR

Abstract

A new virus, isolated from a mixed infected Brugmansia sp., was characterized. The viral genome was about 6380 nucleotides (nts) long and showed an organization typically for tobamoviruses with overlapping open reading frames (ORF) of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and the movement protein (MP). The coat protein (CP) was in the same size as known for other tobamoviruses. Phylogenetic analyses of the complete genome indicated that the new isolate belongs to the tobamovirus subgroup 1, despite strong serological reactions with Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV) specific antiserum in a plate trapped antigen ELISA. Sequence comparisons with species of the genus Tobamovirus revealed >10% overall sequence divergence, which indicates according to the rules of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) that this virus is a new species and we suggest the name Brugmansia mild mottle virus (BMMV) for that isolate. Furthermore, we present a diagnostic reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol for the detection of this isolate which uses a drastically reduced cycling time.

Widespread Occurrence and Low Genetic Diversity ofColombian datura virusinBrugmansiaSuggest an Anthropogenic Role in Virus Selection and Spread

“…Other common plant viruses (tobamoviruses, tospoviruses, and CMV) associated with dissemination of vegetatively propagated solanaceous plant material were virtually nonexistent in the Brugmansia and D. metel plants we analyzed except for a single Brugmansia plant found to be infected with BMMV, a recently described tobamovirus from Brugmansia in Europe (19). The ability of the solanaceous plant-infecting tobamovirus primers designed as part of this study to detect a previously unknown virus (no BMMV sequence was available when the primers were designed) may make these primers more broadly useful for tobamovirus diagnosis.…”

“…Thus, CDV was identified in 82% (60/73) of Brugmansia plants from nurseries, two of seven Brugmansia landscape plants from south Florida (both from St. Lucie County), and two of four D. metel plants from nurseries. A single Brugmansia nursery plant was found infected with an unknown tobamovirus that at the time was most closely related to TMGMV, and later identified as the recently described Brugmansia mild mottle virus (BMMV; 19). No CMV, tospoviruses or pospiviroids were detected in any Brugmansia (Table 1 ) or D. metel plants from nurseries, or any Brugmansia from the Florida landscape.…”

Biological and Molecular Characterization of a Crucifer Tobamovirus Infecting Oilseed Rape

“…The A260/280 ratio of virion preparations was determined to be 1.24, within the values of other tobamoviruses, which range from 0.99 to 1.38 (Ilmberger et al 2007). An average virus yield of 0.6 mg/g fresh tissue was normally obtained when the virus was purified from infected Chinese cabbage leaves.…”

“…The use of nucleic acid sequences to classify, characterize, and identify species of the genus Tobamovirus is increasing, and many new species have been identified (Antignus et al 2001;Ju et al 2002;Adkins et al 2003Adkins et al , 2007Heinze et al 2006;Min et al 2006;Ilmberger et al 2007;Hiraku et al 2007). In some cases, an unclear elevation of isolates to species has resulted in confusing nomenclature.…”

Characterization of Brugmansia mosaic virus Isolated from Brugmansia spp. in Korea

“…, Brugmansia mild mottle virus(BrMMV, Tobamovirus) (Ilmberger , 2007), Colombian datura virus(CDV, Potyvirus) (Salamon Palkovics, 2005), Brugmansia suaveolens mottle virus (BsMoV, Potyvirus) (Lucinda , 2008), Brugmansia mosaic virus (BruMV, Potyvirus) (Damsteegt , 2013), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV, Tospovirus) (Nikolić , 2013) , BruMV(Fumei , 2013) TSWV (Choi , 2014) 2 . BruMV , (Fumei , 2013.…”