A sub-40-mHz-linewidth laser based on a silicon single-crystal optical cavity

Keßler, T.; Hagemann, Ch.; Grebing, Christian; Legero, Thomas; Sterr, U.; Riehle, F.; Martin, Michael; Chen, Liang; Ye, J.

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.217

Cited by 644 publications

(472 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Steady work on ultrastable lasers [18][19][20]31,32 and interrogation sequences 17,33 has brought OLCs close to this limit [17][18][19][20] . Here, the two atomic clouds are probed independently by pulses delivered by an ultrastable laser (spectral width o1 Hz).…”

Section: Olc Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental realization of an optical second with strontium lattice clocks

et al. 2013

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Progress in realizing the SI second had multiple technological impacts and enabled further constraint of theoretical models in fundamental physics. Caesium microwave fountains, realizing best the second according to its current definition with a relative uncertainty of 2-4 Â 10 À 16 , have already been overtaken by atomic clocks referenced to an optical transition, which are both more stable and more accurate. Here we present an important step in the direction of a possible new definition of the second. Our system of five clocks connects with an unprecedented consistency the optical and the microwave worlds. For the first time, two state-of-the-art strontium optical lattice clocks are proven to agree within their accuracy budget, with a total uncertainty of 1.5 Â 10 À 16 . Their comparison with three independent caesium fountains shows a degree of accuracy now only limited by the best realizations of the microwave-defined second, at the level of 3.1 Â 10 À 16 .

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Section: Olc Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental realization of an optical second with strontium lattice clocks

et al. 2013

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“…Such pure spectral instruments with high phase stability and long coherence times are essential to investigations of physics beyond the standard model, e.g., the drift of fundamental physical constants [9,10] or the detection of gravitational waves [11] as predicted by the general theory of relativity. The stability of the current state-of-the-art lasers are limited by Brownian motions of the reference cavity mirror substrates and coatings [12][13][14], and the emergence of new technologies [15] seems necessary if further improvements are to be made commonly available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear spectroscopy of Sr atoms in an optical cavity for laser stabilization

et al. 2015

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We study the non-linear interaction of a cold sample of strontium-88 atoms coupled to a single mode of a low finesse optical cavity in the so-called bad cavity limit and investigate the implications for applications to laser stabilization. The atoms are probed on the weak inter-combination line |5s 2 1 S0 − |5s5p 3 P1 at 689 nm in a strongly saturated regime. Our measured observables include the atomic induced phase shift and absorption of the light field transmitted through the cavity represented by the complex cavity transmission coefficient. We demonstrate high signal-to-noise-ratio measurements of both quadratures -the cavity transmitted phase and absorption -by employing FM spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS). We also show that when FM spectroscopy is employed in connection with a cavity locked to the probe light, observables are substantially modified compared to the free space situation where no cavity is present. Furthermore, the non-linear dynamics of the phase dispersion slope is experimentally investigated and the optimal conditions for laser stabilization are established. Our experimental results are compared to state-of-the-art cavity QED theoretical calculations.

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“…This is roughly an order of magnitude reduction in the shift and a factor of 50 reduction in the uncertainty due to secular motion time dilation in comparison with −ð16.3 AE 5.0Þ × 10 −18 , reported in the previous 27 Al þ optical clock [8]. Extending the clock interrogation time to 1 s [33][34][35][36], the fractional time-dilation shift due to secular motion is estimated to be −ð5.7 AE 0.3Þ × 10 −18 .…”

Section: Prl 118 053002 (2017) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Ementioning

confidence: 61%

Trapped Ions Stopped Cold

Huntemann

2017

Physics

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We report on Raman sideband cooling of 25 Mg þ to sympathetically cool the secular modes of motion in a 25 Mg þ -27 Al þ two-ion pair to near the three-dimensional (3D) ground state. The evolution of the Fock-state distribution during the cooling process is studied using a rate-equation simulation, and various heating sources that limit the efficiency of 3D sideband cooling in our system are discussed. We characterize the residual energy and heating rates of all of the secular modes of motion and estimate a secular motion time-dilation shift of −ð1.9 AE 0.1Þ × 10 −18 for an 27 Al þ clock at a typical clock probe duration of 150 ms. This is a 50-fold reduction in the secular motion time-dilation shift uncertainty in comparison with previous 27 Al þ clocks. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.053002 Trapped and laser-cooled ions are useful for many applications in quantum information processing and quantum metrology because of their isolation from the ambient environment and the mutual Coulomb interaction [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The Coulomb interaction establishes normal modes of motion, called secular modes, which enable information exchange and entanglement between ions. For many operations in quantum information processing and metrology, these secular modes should, ideally, be prepared in their ground state. For example, in state-of-the-art trappedion optical clocks [7], uncertainty in the Doppler shift due to the residual excitation of these modes is a dominant contribution to the total clock uncertainty [8][9][10].All trapped-ion optical clocks to date have been operated with the ions' motion near the Doppler cooling limit [7][8][9][10]. For clocks based on quantum-logic spectroscopy of the 1 S 0 ↔ 3 P 0 transition in 27 Al þ [11], the smallest uncertainty has been achieved by performing continuous sympathetic Doppler cooling on the logic ion ( 25 Mg þ ) during the clock interrogation [8]. Because of the difficulty of performing accurate temperature measurements of trapped ions near the Doppler cooling limit, the uncertainty of the secular motion temperature was limited to 30% [8].To reduce the secular motion time-dilation shift and its uncertainty, sub-Doppler cooling techniques can be employed [12][13][14][15][16][17]. These schemes have not previously been implemented in ion-based clock experiments due to high ambient motional heating rates, the need for extra cooling laser beams, and the difficulty of characterizing the resulting motional state distribution, which can be nonthermal [8,10,18]. For example, in sideband cooling, a nonthermal distribution can result from zero crossings in the cooling transition Rabi rate as a function of the Fock state [19,20] and from cooling durations insufficient to reach equilibrium. Although sideband cooling can reach extremely low energies, a small nonthermal component of the distribution may contribute more than 90% of the total energy [21], rendering the temperature measurement technique using motional sideband ratios unsuitable for determining the energy [12,13].Here, we dem...

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A sub-40-mHz-linewidth laser based on a silicon single-crystal optical cavity

Cited by 644 publications

References 60 publications

Experimental realization of an optical second with strontium lattice clocks

Experimental realization of an optical second with strontium lattice clocks

Nonlinear spectroscopy of Sr atoms in an optical cavity for laser stabilization

Trapped Ions Stopped Cold

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