A study on the taxonomy of soil amoebas from Caspian plague foci based on an analysis of ribosomal operon sequences

Koshel, Elena I.; Anisimova, L. V.; Novichkova, L. A.; Vidyaeva, N. A.; Guseva, Natalya V.; Eroshenko, G. A.; Кутырев, Владимир

doi:10.1134/s1022795415010056

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Species of Acanthamoeba and other FLA are ubiquitous in plague foci in the Caspian region in Russia and Colorado, USA (16,53). The lack of detection of soilborne Y. pestis in areas endemic for the organism during interepizootic periods may be related to the bacteria surviving within a protozoan host rather than freely in the soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amoebae as a soil reservoir may reconcile the requirement for a host for Y. pestis with a soil niche for persistence (13,14). This idea has been supported conceptually by two studies: (i) one that demonstrates that Y. pestis is extracellularly associated with the soil free-living amoeba (FLA) Hartmannella rhysodes, and (ii) the other, which reports that bacterivorous FLA are present at active plague foci in Russia (15,16). More recently, we have demonstrated that Y. pseudotuberculosis, the clonal ancestor of Y. pestis, is also able to survive within A. castellanii trophozoites and cysts (17).…”

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confidence: 97%

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Yersinia pestis Resists Predation by Acanthamoeba castellanii and Exhibits Prolonged Intracellular Survival

Benavides-Montaño

Vadyvaloo

2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Plague is a flea-borne rodent-associated zoonotic disease caused by The disease is characterized by epizootics with high rodent mortalities, punctuated by interepizootic periods when the bacterium persists in an unknown reservoir. This study investigates the interaction between and the ubiquitous soil free-living amoeba (FLA) to assess if the bacterium can survive within soil amoebae and whether intracellular mechanisms are conserved between infection of mammalian macrophages and soil amoebae. The results demonstrate that during coculture with amoebae, representative strains of epidemic biovars Medievalis, Orientalis, and Antiqua are phagocytized and able to survive within amoebae for at least 5 days. Key determinants of the intracellular interaction of and phagocytic macrophages, PhoP and the type three secretion system (T3SS), were then tested for their roles in the -amoeba interaction. Consistent with a requirement for the PhoP transcriptional activator in the intracellular survival of in macrophages, a PhoP mutant is unable to survive when cocultured with amoebae. Additionally, induction of the T3SS blocks phagocytic uptake of by amoebae, similar to that which occurs during macrophage infection. Electron microscopy revealed that in, resides intact within spacious vacuoles which were characterized using lysosomal trackers as being separated from the lysosomal compartment. This evidence for prolonged survival and subversion of intracellular digestion of within FLA suggests that protozoa may serve as a protective soil reservoir for is a reemerging flea-borne zoonotic disease. Sylvatic plague cycles are characterized by an epizootic period during which the disease spreads rapidly, causing high rodent mortality, and an interepizootic period when the bacterium quiescently persists in an unknown reservoir. An understanding of the ecology of in the context of its persistence in the environment and its reactivation to initiate a new epizootic cycle is key to implementing novel surveillance strategies to more effectively predict and prevent new disease outbreaks. Here, we demonstrate prolonged survival and subversion of intracellular digestion of within a soil free-living amoeba. This suggests the potential role for protozoa as a protective soil reservoir for, which may help explain the recrudescence of plague epizootics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Yersinia pestis Resists Predation by Acanthamoeba castellanii and Exhibits Prolonged Intracellular Survival

Benavides-Montaño

Vadyvaloo

2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…при анализе данных капиллярного секвенирования получена нуклеотидная последовательность, при сравнении которой с имеющимися в NCBI GenBank последовательностями при 100 % покрытии и 100 % гомологии установлена принадлежность исследуемых простейших к виду A. сastellanii. следует отметить, что выявленное широкое распространение A. сastellanii в очагах чумы прикаспия [15] и горного алтая [13] свидетельствует о распространенности представителей этого вида в почве природно-очаговых территорий. Изучение свойств Y. pestis после сокультивирования с амебами.…”

Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

“…при изучении численности простейших из почв природных очагов чумы прикаспия и горного алтая установлено, что в 1 г почвы может находиться до 300 тыс. клеток простейших [13,15]. одним из доминирующих представителей простейших являются цистообразующие амебы рода Acanthamoeba.…”

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Long-Term Persistence of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> in Association with Acanthamoeba castellanii in Experiment

Makashova

Оглодин

Куклева

et al. 2023

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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The aim of the study was to test the feasibility of long-term survival and preservation of the properties of Yersinia pestis in association with soil amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. Materials and methods. Y. pestis strains and acanthamoeba isolated in the common area of the Gorno-Altai high-mountain plague focus were used for the study. The systematic affiliation of protozoa was determined through analyzing the 18S rRNA gene fragment sequencing data, followed by alignment with amoeba sequences from the NCBI GenBank database. A fluorescent Y. pestis strain was obtained by electroporation using the pTurboGFP-B plasmid. Co-cultivation was carried out in saline buffer in the absence of nutrients for the cells of plague pathogen. The influence of co-culturing with protozoa on Y. pestis properties was determined using microbiological, biological, and molecular-genetic methods. Results and discussion. The cell viability preservation for 22 months of the experiment in Y. pestis strain belonging to the main subspecies of the antique biovar, the 4.ANT phylogenetic line in co-culture with amoeba cells in the absence of additional nutrients has been established. Co-cultivation with amoebae did not lead to a change in the cultural, morphological, genetic and virulent properties of the plague pathogen strain. The data obtained confirm the possibility of using Acanthamoeba castellanii by the plague microbe to persist in soil biocenoses and open up the prospect of studying the mechanisms of plague pathogen surviving during extended inter-epizootic periods.

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“…Y. pestis взаимодействует с амебами и может размножать-ся в них [54]. в литературе имеются сообщения по изучению взаимодействия возбудителя чумы и амеб Hartmanella, Acanthamoeba, Dictyostelium [55,56], а также отдельные сообщения, предполагающие возможность сохранения возбудителя чумы в других массовых членах почвенных биоценозов, например в почвенных нематодах [57,58]. на основании этих фактов можно предположить, что в стабильных климатических условиях возбудитель чумы не будет покидать свой природный почвенный резервуар, и, как следствие, проявление активности природного очага менее вероятно.…”

Section: формирование и распространение основных линий эволюции восто...unclassified

<i>Yersinia pestis</i> Strains of the 1.ORI Line as Etiological Agent of the Plague Pandemic III

Nikiforov

2022

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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Yersinia pestis strains of the 1.ORI lineage originate from China as a result of evolution of the 1.ANT phylogenetic branch. Strains of the biovar orientalis are divided into three major lines of evolution: 1.ORI1, 1.ORI2, 1.ORI3. Lines 1.ORI1 and 1.ORI2 originated in China and then spread across the east and west coasts of India, respectively. Strains of the biovar orientalis have widely spread throughout the world, mainly as a result of introduction by sea. This way, the 1.ORI1 line was imported onto the territory of North America. 1.ORI2 line has spread to Southeast Asia, Africa, Europe, and South America. In addition, the strains of the biovar orientalis were brought to the territory of Australia, however, the formation of natural foci did not occur. The spread of strains to new territories during the third plague pandemic, as a rule, took place with the participation of one strain, which caused epizootics among synanthropic rodents. After that, outbreaks were recorded among the population of port cities, followed by drifting into the countryside and the formation of natural foci under suitable natural conditions. In the absence of such, the plague pathogen was eliminated from natural biotopes, and the formation of a natural focus did not occur. In recent decades, most cases of human plague in the world have been caused by strains of the biovar orientalis (1.ORI). However, the emergence and spread of the evolutionary line “1” is insufficiently studied. Currently, there is a lack of both historical data and strains that are ancestors of modern strains in many countries to clarify the details of the irradiation of strains of the biovar orientalis. As a result, the concepts of dissemination of many evolution branches of the strains, biovar orientalis are in the form of hypotheses to date. In this work, the collection and analysis of literature data on the history and epidemiology of plague over the third pandemic, a search for a connection between epidemic manifestations and the appurtenance of the strains that caused them to certain phylogenetic lineages was carried out.

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A study on the taxonomy of soil amoebas from Caspian plague foci based on an analysis of ribosomal operon sequences

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Yersinia pestis Resists Predation by Acanthamoeba castellanii and Exhibits Prolonged Intracellular Survival

Yersinia pestis Resists Predation by Acanthamoeba castellanii and Exhibits Prolonged Intracellular Survival

Long-Term Persistence of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> in Association with Acanthamoeba castellanii in Experiment

<i>Yersinia pestis</i> Strains of the 1.ORI Line as Etiological Agent of the Plague Pandemic III

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