A study on the morphology of polystyrene-grafted poly(ethylene-alt-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) films prepared using a simultaneous radiation grafting method

Song, Ju‐Myung; Ko, Beom‐Seok; Sohn, Joon-Yong; Nho, Young Chang; Shin, Junhwa

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.08.005

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In our previous study, the morphology of crystalline for PS-grafted ETFE films prepared using a simultaneous irradiation method was investigated using DMA, DSC, XRD, and SAXS instruments. 5 The results showed that the styrene monomers were mainly grafted on the ETFE amorphous regions during the simultaneous radiation grafting process. Vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) is a useful styrene-type monomer since it consists of dual functional groups, vinyl and chloride groups, which can be used for graft polymerization and nucleophilic substitution, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…1 The morphological studies of crystalline for polystyrene (PS)-grafted fluoropolymer films prepared using a preradiation grafting method have been mainly investigated using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) instruments. [3][4][5] Mortensen et al reported small-angle neutron studies on the morphology of PS-grafted poly(tetrafluoroethyleneco-hexafluropropylene) (FEP) films prepared by a preirradiation method. 3 In their works, the styrene monomer was found to be mainly grafted to the amorphous domain of an FEP film during the pre-irradiation grafting process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological Study of Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)-Grafted Poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) [ETFE-g-PVBC] Films Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Analysis

et al. 2016

j nanosci nanotechnol

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In this study, the effect of degree of the grafting and crosslinking on the morphology of the crystalline domain in poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)-grafted poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) [ETFE-g-PVBC] films was investigated using a SANS (small-angle neutron scattering) analysis. The grafted films can be used as a precursor for ion-exchange membrane. ETFE-g-PVBC films with various degrees of cross-linking were prepared by a simultaneous irradiation grafting of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) and divinylbenzene (DVB) onto an ETFE film. The SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) results of a cross-sectional distribution of ETFE-g-PVBC films showed that the chlorine atoms were well-distributed throughout the films. SANS profiles of the PVBC-grafted films in the absence of a DVB crosslinker showed that the crystalline domain peaks were observed and the peak maximum position shifted significantly from 0.032 Å-(-1) to 0.02 Å(-1) with an increase in the degree of grafting. However, peak maximum positions of the PVBC-grafted films in the presence of a DVB crosslinker shifted slightly from 0.02 Å(-1) to 0.024 Å(-1) with an increase in the amount of DVB monomer at same degree of grafting. These results indicate that the degree of grafting and crosslinking affect the morphology of the crystalline domain in the ETFE-g-PVBC films.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Study of Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)-Grafted Poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) [ETFE-g-PVBC] Films Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Analysis

et al. 2016

j nanosci nanotechnol

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“…Yet, when it comes to irradiation grafting based on free radical polymerization, the structural and functional parameters of grafted films are mostly studied as a function of the overall amount of grafted component . However, it was recently shown that the irradiation dose has a clear impact on the performance when preparing PEMs based on a well‐known model system: sulfonated polystyrene grafted onto poly(ethylene‐ alt ‐tetrafluoroethylene), ETFE‐ g ‐PS(SA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling the Graft Length and Graft Density of Irradiation‐Grafted Copolymers

Nagy

Sproll

Gasser

et al. 2018

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Graft CopolymersIrradiation-induced graft copolymerization is often the easiest route to combine the functionality of two polymers and, furthermore, the average composition of the copolymer is straightforward to control. However, control of the graft length and the graft density is more difficult and has been considered to be infeasible. To test the hypothesis that the graft density and graft length may be increased or decreased via increasing or decreasing the dose of irradiation and graft level, polymer electrolytes are characterized in terms of water sorption, proton conductivity, and nanostructure. Based on the premise that graft density and graft length define ion transport and phase segregation, impedance spectroscopy and small-angle scattering support the hypothesis. The method therefore represents a novel degree of freedom in the design and synthesis of radiation grafted copolymers. 2 of 7) www.advancedsciencenews.com www.mcp-journal.de (

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“…sulfonic acid) grafted onto fluorinated polymer films such as cross-linked polytetrafluoroethylene (cPTFE), ETFE, and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) or fully aromatic hydrocarbon polymers such as poly-(ether ether ketone). [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Therefore, we believe that this technique may allow the introduction of a large amount of grafts containing ion-conducting groups into the AEMs, and thus the resultant AEMs are expected to possess both high ion conductivity and good mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphology of the crystalline domains for polystyrene-grafted PEMs prepared by the radiation grafting technique has been intensively investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and small-angle scattering methods. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] For instance, the crystallinity of the grafted films was found to decrease with an increase in the grafting degree by many researchers in different fluoropolymer bases. [27][28][29] In our previous work, we studied the hierarchical structure of PEMs consisting of poly(styrenesulfonic acid) and the PTFE base by using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imidazolium-based anion exchange membranes for alkaline anion fuel cells: elucidation of the morphology and the interplay between the morphology and properties

Zhao

Yoshimura

Shishitani³

et al. 2016

Soft Matter

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We investigated the morphology and swelling behavior of a new graft-type of anion exchange membrane (AEM) containing 2-methylimidazolium groups by using a contrast variation small angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique. These AEMs were prepared by radiation-induced grafting of 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole and styrene into poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) films and subsequent N-alkylation with methyliodide, and possessed both high alkaline durability and high conductivity. Our results showed that the crystalline lamellar and crystallite structures originating from the pristine ETFE films were more or less conserved in these AEMs, but the lamellar d-spacing in both dry and wet membranes was enlarged, indicating an expansion of the amorphous lamellae due to the graft chains introduced in the grafting process and the water incorporated in the swelling process. For the first time, the swelling behavior of the AEMs was studied quantitatively in various water mixtures of water and deuterated water with different volume ratios (contrast variation method), and the morphology of these membranes was elucidated by three phases: phase (1) crystalline ETFE domains, which offer good mechanical properties; phase (2) hydrophobic amorphous domains, which are made up of amorphous ETFE chains and offer a matrix to create conducting regions; phase (3) interconnected hydrated domains, which are composed of the entire graft chains and water and play a key role in promoting the conductivity.

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A study on the morphology of polystyrene-grafted poly(ethylene-alt-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) films prepared using a simultaneous radiation grafting method

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Morphological Study of Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)-Grafted Poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) [ETFE-g-PVBC] Films Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Analysis

Morphological Study of Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)-Grafted Poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) [ETFE-g-PVBC] Films Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Analysis

Scaling the Graft Length and Graft Density of Irradiation‐Grafted Copolymers

Imidazolium-based anion exchange membranes for alkaline anion fuel cells: elucidation of the morphology and the interplay between the morphology and properties

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