“…Several approaches have been used to remove methylene blue and other types of dyes from wastewater, including coagulation/flocculation [11], adsorption [5,[12][13][14][15], filtration [16,17], electrochemical oxidation [18], photocatalytic degradation [19], and biodegradation [20,21]. Adsorption is favorable owing to its low cost, abundant availability of adsorbent materials, high efficiency, and ease of operation [22][23][24]. Carbonbased materials, such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene-based derivatives, have been commonly used as adsorbents for dye removal [25].…”