A Study on Photostability of Ethyl Glucuronide in Hair Irradiated under Artificial Sunlight

Miolo, Giorgia; Stocchero, Giulia; Vogliardi, Susanna; Menilli, Luca; Scrivano, Salvatore; Montisci, Massimo; Favretto, Donata

doi:10.1093/jat/bky098

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The selected hair segment was washed three times by shaking the sample with 20 mL methanol for 5 min Alladio et al 2018 5 Collected hair samples (about 40-50 mg) corresponding to the proximal 0-3 cm segments were weighed and then washed twice using methylene chloride and methanol in sequence Miolo et al 2019 42 Hair samples were decontaminated with 3 mL dichloromethane and 3 mL methanol Fosen et al 2019 43 Approximately 50 mg hair samples were washed with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol)…”

Section: Palumbo Et Al 2018 41mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of ethyl glucuronide in human hair samples: Decontamination vs extraction

Müller

Iwersen‐Bergmann

2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Decontamination of samples prior to analysis is common practice and recommended for ethyl glucuronide (EtG) hair testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applied decontamination procedure during routine hair EtG analysis by monitoring the ethyl glucuronide concentrations in the washing solutions from a representative cohort of individual hair samples. Hair samples from 150 individuals were tested for hair EtG by a validated routine procedure (liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry). A four‐step decontamination procedure (ethanol, water, acetone, dichloromethane) was applied to all samples prior to analysis. Hair samples from 20 individuals were analyzed along with the complete set of individual washing solutions. Hair samples from an additional 130 individuals were analyzed along with the corresponding aqueous wash fraction only. No EtG was detected in the washing solutions from hair samples that tested negative for EtG (n = 42). Hair samples positive for ethyl glucuronide (n = 108) were found to liberate different amounts of EtG during decontamination: whereas no, or low portions of, EtG (< 10% of extracted hair EtG) were found in the corresponding washing solutions of the majority (n = 91) of individual samples, there was a minority of samples (n = 6) with more than half of the extracted hair EtG present in the decontamination solvent. No correlation of the decontaminated amount of EtG and the extracted hair EtG was observed. Further experimental studies are necessary to investigate if the observed easily removable fraction of EtG is associated with external contamination and if analysis of wash solutions could be helpful for identifying external contamination in hair testing for ethyl glucuronide.

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Section: Palumbo Et Al 2018 41mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ultrasonication, shaking) during the procedure can be observed. A comprehensive summary of 44 decontamination protocols is given in Table 1, full quotations of the methodological details from the original articles 1–44 are enclosed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of ethyl glucuronide in human hair samples: Decontamination vs extraction

Müller

Iwersen‐Bergmann

2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…The same cutoff can be applied for head hair and hair collected from other body regions, except for pubic and axillary hair 26 . EtG concentrations in hair samples are not affected by hair color, ethanol‐containing products, gel, grease, wax, or oil, although hair treatments, such as bleaching, perming, or straightening, can alter its levels 26–28 . Furthermore, even if hEtG is sensitive and specific to recognize drinking patterns in patients with liver disease, individuals with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 show higher concentrations of EtG in hair than normal‐weight or underweight subjects 29,30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 EtG concentrations in hair samples are not affected by hair color, ethanol-containing products, gel, grease, wax, or oil, although hair treatments, such as bleaching, perming, or straightening, can alter its levels. [26][27][28] Furthermore, even if hEtG is sensitive and specific to recognize drinking patterns in patients with liver disease, individuals with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 show higher concentrations of EtG in hair than normal-weight or underweight subjects. 29,30 EtG can also be measured in urine samples, and its detection allows identifying alcohol use up to 48-72 h before collection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Driving license regranting: Hair EtG, serum CDT, and the role of sociodemographic and medicolegal variables

Cinquetti

Terranova

Aprile

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol is a road safety problem. Driving license regranting is based on the evaluation of medicolegal and toxicological variables that may include serum carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT) and hair ethyl glucuronide (hEtG).The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic performance of CDT and hEtG in a population of DUI offenders. Other factors potentially associated with heavy alcohol use were explored. The population included DUI offenders examined during the period of January 1, 2019, through June 30, 2022. Sociodemographic, medicolegal, and toxicological variables were collected. CDT in serum and EtG in head hair were determined in all subjects. Excessive alcohol intake (hEtG ≥30 pg/mg) was considered cause for unfitness to drive. Cohen's kappa coefficient was calculated. Descriptive analyses were performed using chi‐square and Mann–Whitney tests. Variables significantly different between the groups were included in a multivariate binary logistic regression model. The sample encompassed 838 subjects (case group: 179, comparison group: 689). CDT exhibited poor agreement (κ = 0.053) with hEtG as the reference test. Lower education, age at DUI, heavy smoking, and GGT levels associated with heavy alcohol consumption differentiated the two groups. For DUI offenders, the use of CDT to assess heavy alcohol consumption is limited, possibly due to the time‐window assessed, the time required for normalization, and the different amount of ethanol needed to reach higher CDT levels, in comparison to hEtG; thus, hEtG assessment is strongly recommended for this population. Heavy smoking, GGT, education, and age could be related to heavy alcohol consumption and higher risk of DUI.

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“…In contrast to blood or urine samples, scalp hair samples are constantly exposed to the environment, which affects the hair matrix. Sunlight and UV exposure, regular hair washing and cosmetic hair treatments affect the integrity of the hair structure, leading to altered detectability of exogenous analytes in hair with increasing age of the hair samples [ 7 , 8 ]. On that basis, likewise incorporation and behavior of endogenous compounds is assumed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Best Practice in Hair Metabolomic Studies: Systematic Investigation on the Impact of Hair Length and Color

et al. 2020

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Untargeted metabolomic studies are used for large-scale analysis of endogenous compounds. Due to exceptional long detection windows of incorporated substances in hair, analysis of hair samples for retrospective monitoring of metabolome changes has recently been introduced. However, information on the general behavior of metabolites in hair samples is scarce, hampering correct data interpretation so far. The presented study aimed to investigate endogenous metabolites depending on hair color and along the hair strand and to propose recommendations for best practice in hair metabolomic studies. A metabolite selection was analyzed using untargeted data acquisition in genuine hair samples from different hair colors and after segmentation in 3 cm segments. Significant differences in metabolites among hair colors and segments were found. In conclusion, consideration of hair color and hair segments is necessary for hair metabolomic studies and, subsequently, recommendations for best practice in hair metabolomic studies were proposed.

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A Study on Photostability of Ethyl Glucuronide in Hair Irradiated under Artificial Sunlight

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Determination of ethyl glucuronide in human hair samples: Decontamination vs extraction

Determination of ethyl glucuronide in human hair samples: Decontamination vs extraction

Driving license regranting: Hair EtG, serum CDT, and the role of sociodemographic and medicolegal variables

Towards Best Practice in Hair Metabolomic Studies: Systematic Investigation on the Impact of Hair Length and Color

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