A study on longitudinal distribution of temperature rise and carbon monoxide concentration in tunnel fires with one opening portal

Li, Linjie; Zhu, Daiqiang; Gao, Zihe; Xu, Peng; Zhang, Wuchao

doi:10.1016/j.csite.2021.101535

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For example, if a fire starts in an object that is close to the wall in a tunnel, the first item ignited a tunnel fire and the wall enclosed with combustible substance. The wall lining could burn and spread the fire very quickly, so that the fire source will transfer to one or more sources [1][2][3][4][5]. Most fire deaths do not occur because of burns, but because of smoke inhalation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fire characteristics in tunnels differ from that in open fires in two ways: heat feedback of the surrounding environment and effectiveness of natural ventilation on the fire. Crucial factors that affect the characteristics of fires in tunnels are fuel and ventilation control [3][4][5][6][7][8]. A fuel-controlled condition means that the amount of air is sufficient to sustain the fire during the entire combustion process, whereas a ventilation-controlled situation means that Fluids 2022, 7, 5 2 of 16 there is a lack of air during the combustion process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fire is ventilation controlled if the volumetric airflow rate, compared with the heat release rate (HRR) when the fire is low. Conversely, the fire is fuel controlled if the volumetric airflow rate, compared with the HRR when the fire is high [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tunnel is a long and a narrow building, created underground, and the major problem in the tunnels is the safety of the occurrence of fires inside it. In recent years, many incidents occurred inside the tunnels and has laid claimed to disasters [3][4][5][6]. During last recent years, there have been several serious tunnel fires.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the same year, Li et al [3] used the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to simulate one-dimensional horizontal diffusion stag. They study the longitudinal distribution of temperature rise and CO concentration in tunnel fires with one opening portal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Numerical Study of Large-Scale Fire in Makkah’s King Abdulaziz Road Tunnel

Abdoon

Bagabar

Oreijah

et al. 2021

Fluids

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Tunnel fires are one of the most dangerous catastrophic events that endanger human life. They cause damage to infrastructure because of the limited space in the tunnel, lack of escape facilities, and difficulty that intervention forces have in reaching the fire position, especially in highly crowded areas, such as Makkah in the Hajj season. Unfortunately, performing experimental tests on tunnel fire safety is particularly challenging because of the prohibitive cost, limited possibilities, and losses that these tests can cause. Therefore, large-scale modeling, using fire dynamic simulation, is one of the best techniques used to limit these costs and losses. In the present work, a fire scenario in the Makkah’s King Abdulaziz Road tunnel was analyzed using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The effects of the heat released per unit area, soot yield, and CO yield on the gas temperature, radiation, concentrations of the oxygen and combustion products CO and CO2, and air velocity were examined. The results showed that the radiation increased with the heat released per unit area and the soot yield affected all parameters, except the oxygen concentration and air velocity. The CO yield significantly affects CO concentration, and its influence on the other studied parameters is negligible. Moreover, based on the validation part, the results proved that FDS have limitations in tunnel fires, which impact the smoke layer calculation at the upstream zone of the fire. Therefore, the users or researchers should carefully be concerned about these weaknesses when using FDS to simulate tunnel fires. Further comprehensive research is crucial, as tunnel fires have severe impacts on various aspects of people’s lives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Numerical Study of Large-Scale Fire in Makkah’s King Abdulaziz Road Tunnel

Abdoon

Bagabar

Oreijah

et al. 2021

Fluids

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Examining smoke control in fires occurring in railroad tunnels: A review

Yuan,

Ji,

Zhang

et al. 2023

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Quantitative evaluation method of smoke exhaust performance and application on exhaust volume optimization in tunnel fires under lateral centralized mode

Zhu

Xing

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The indicators in the quantitative method are investigated to evaluate smoke exhaust performance in tunnel res, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the smoke extraction system under the lateral centralized mode. The criterion is proposed for plug-holing, and the theoretical models of smoke exhaust e ciency are established to distinguish whether the plug-holing occurs or not. The relationship between e ciency, effectiveness, and e cacy is analyzed from the perspective of smoke and heat exhaust. Meanwhile, this evaluation method is applied to the optimization of exhaust volume through FDS numerical simulation. The results show that Ri is a vital basis for judging the movement form of smoke and the exhaust effect. The critical value of Ri is 1.09 when plug-holing occurs, resulting in a signi cant reduction in the e ciency of smoke exhaust. The greater the exhaust volume of the exhaust fan, the greater the Ri value, the higher the total smoke and heat exhaust e ciency, and the better the exhaust effectiveness of smoke inlets without plug-holing. Under longitudinal ventilation, the optimal exhaust volume is 180m 3 /s at 20MW and 360m 3 /s at 50MW.

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A study on longitudinal distribution of temperature rise and carbon monoxide concentration in tunnel fires with one opening portal

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Numerical Study of Large-Scale Fire in Makkah’s King Abdulaziz Road Tunnel

Numerical Study of Large-Scale Fire in Makkah’s King Abdulaziz Road Tunnel

Examining smoke control in fires occurring in railroad tunnels: A review

Quantitative evaluation method of smoke exhaust performance and application on exhaust volume optimization in tunnel fires under lateral centralized mode

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