A study on functionally graded HA coatings processed using ion beam assisted deposition with in situ heat treatment

Calcium orthophosphate deposits: Preparation, properties and biomedical applications

“…A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 18 To sputter materials, several types of the techniques are used, such as: ion beam [216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226], radio-frequency (RF) magnetron [227-244k], pulsed laser [58,75,232,, electroncyclotron-resonance plasma [266][267][268], diode, direct current and reactive sputtering or deposition [269,270]. However, since CaPO 4 belong to the electrically insulating materials, the last three techniques cannot be used for their spattering.…”

“…Then an ion implantation technique, with ions such as Ar + , N 2 + and O 2 + , is used to make them crystalline [216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226]. A high bond strength associated with IBAD technique appears to be a consequence of an atomic intermixing interfacial layer, which can be up to a few microns thick.…”

The use of functionally gradient materials in medicine

“…29 Rabiei et al recently reported the development of a new generation of calcium phosphate coatings with graded crystallinity through the thickness of the fi lm using ion-beam-assisted deposition and in-situ heat treatment. [30][31][32][33][34] The coating shows a partially crystalline layer with more amorphous content at the top of the coating to promote the early osseointegration. The crystallinity increases toward the film/substrate interface, which serves to decrease the dissolution rate of the fi lm and to increase fi xation of the implant.…”

“…Scratch test results suggest that functionally gradient coatings processed on heated substrates possess better adhesive and cohesive strength than coatings prepared by sputtering and post-deposition annealing. 32 Heat treatment and atomic bombardment during fi lm deposition serve to increase the atomic mobility, increase fi lm density, lower grain size, and improve fi lm homogeneity.…”

Influence of electrolyte temperature on pure titanium modified by electrochemical treatment for implant

“…Several methods have been reported to impart bioactivity to titanium and its alloys. These include the calcium ion implantation method on the surface of the material using ion beam, [3] precipitation using alkali metal ions and hydrogen peroxide containing electrolyte solutions, [4 -6] plasma spray, [9] and anodizing using the electrochemical method. [10,11] Among the surface treatment methods for dental implants, the anodizing method can easily control several physical properties of the oxidized film layer and has the advantages of generating a regular film on materials with complex shapes using low cost and simple processing compared with other surface treatments.…”