A Study on Correlation of Diabetic Retinopathy in Relation to Diabetic Nephropathy in Type Ii Dm Patients

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders of multiple etiology. The multisystem effects of diabetes such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases have an important impinging on the working age individuals in our country. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world that increases the chance of losing vision to about 25 times higher compare to normal individuals. Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is the major life-threatening complication which develops in approximately 20% to 40% of type 1 and less than 20% of type 2 diabetic patients. DN is the leading known cause of End stage renal disease (ESRD). AIM AND OBJECTIVE: A systematic cross-sectional study was conducted in Sarojini Devi eye hospital to assess the correlation between Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A study was conducted on 108 Type II DM patients presenting to Sarojini Devi Eye hospital, Hyderabad and were assessed for Retinopathy and Nephropathy and Correlation between Retinopathy and Nephropathy was studied from December 2011 to December 2014. RESULTS: Out of 54 Diabetic Retinopathy patients, 28 (51.8%) patients had DN, 26 patients (48.2%) had no evidence of DN. Out of 54 Diabetic Nephropathy patients, 36(66.6%) had DR; 18(33.4%) had No evidence of DR. CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that Diabetic Nephropathy has a positive association with the presence of Diabetic Retinopathy in persons with Type II DM.

Study on prevalence of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and associated factors

“…The above data was compared with other studies like where there was a prevalence of 81.5% with abnormal lipid levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy, this was also compared with another study where elevated serum lipids was a risk factor for the development of diabetic nephropathy, in another study where the total cholesterol (p=0.01), LDL cholesterol(p=0.009) and triglycerides (p=0.224) were higher in microalbuminuria group than normoal buminuria group and the differences were statistically highly significant except for HDL in males (p=0.154) and triglycerides(p=0.224), in a study by there was no significant association between abnormal lipid levels and nephropathy, in a study (UKPDS 74) where dyslipidemia (total cholesterol (p=0.04), HDL cholesterol (p=0.02), LDL cholesterol (p=0.08), triglycerides (p<0.0001) ) had a significant association with albuminuria or nephropathy, in a Japanese study by dyslipidemia has no significant association with eGFR (p=0.26) but had a significant association with albuminuria (p<0.005). 9,10,15,16,18,19 The present study shows that abnormal elevated serum lipid levels or dyslipidemia had a significant association with diabetic nephropathy.…”

Relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy, and Diabetic Nephropathy

“…During the mean follow up of 6.6 years, they found that patients with microalbuminuria and estimated GFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 had a threefold increase in risk compared with those with normoalbuminuria and estimated GFR 30-59.9 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Reddy et al 1 Almost three fourth (73.4%) patients was found diabetic retinopathy in diabetic retinopathy and 27(54.0%) in without diabetic retinopathy. e di erence was statistically signi cant (p<0.05) between two groups.…”

“…Chen et al 19 reported that a microalbuminuria threshold of 10.7 mg/24 h, which was within the conventional 'normal range', can predict the increased risk for diabetic retinopathy development. Reddy et al 1 20 noted that 4 of 8(50%) cases without DR had DN. It should be pointed out that absence of retinopathy cannot exclude the presence of Diabetic Nephropathy.…”

“…7 Epidemiologic study observed in Spain, which reported that the prevalence of DR, microalbuminuria, and overt nephropathy to be 26.11%, 17.78%, and 6.74%, respectively, in type 2 DM. 7 Reddy et al 1 9 Jeng et al 10 reported 10692 patients were found diabetic nephropathy, whereas without diabetic nephropathy was 42761 patinets.…”

“…e multisystem special e ects of diabetes such as nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases have a signi cant impinging on the working age individuals in our country. 1 Diabetic nephropathy is accountable for almost third of the world cases of end stage renal disease; it is a foremost public health problem which also social and nancial burden. 2 Diabetes is multi system disorder which can e ected both eyes and kidneys.…”