A study of ultrasonic propagation for ultrasonic flow rate measurement

Inoue, Yuto; Kikura, Hiroshige; Murakawa, Hideki; Aritomi, Masanori; Mori, M.

doi:10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2007.06.013

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Under certain conditions defined by the combination of wave frequency, wall thickness and incident angle, a Lamb wave is known to arise in the pipe wall. [25][26][27] A Lamb wave is a combination of longitudinal wave and shear wave, indicating complex behavior. In order to investigate these effects in detail, the FEM model was elongated in the axial direction to observe ultrasound behavior within the pipe wall.…”

Section: Multiple Ultrasound Reflections In Pipe Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Ultrasound Propagation in High-Temperature Nuclear Reactor Feedwater to Investigate a Clamp-on Ultrasonic Pulse Doppler Flowmeter

Tezuka

Mori

Wada

et al. 2008

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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The flow rate of nuclear reactor feedwater is an important factor in the operation of a nuclear power reactor. Venturi nozzles are widely used to measure the flow rate. Other types of flowmeters have been proposed to improve measurement accuracy and permit the flow rate and reactor power to be increased. The ultrasonic pulse Doppler system is expected to be a candidate method because it can measure the flow profile across the pipe cross section, which changes with time. For accurate estimation of the flow velocity, the incidence angle of ultrasound entering the fluid should be estimated using Snell's law. However, evaluation of the ultrasound propagation is not straightforward, especially for a high-temperature pipe with a clamp-on ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter. The ultrasound beam path may differ from what is expected from Snell's law due to the temperature gradient in the wedge and variation in the acoustic impedance between interfaces. Recently, simulation code for ultrasound propagation has come into use in the nuclear field for nondestructive testing. This article analyzes and discusses ultrasound propagation, using 3D-FEM simulation code plus the Kirchhoff method, as it relates to flow profile measurement in nuclear reactor feedwater with the ultrasonic pulse Doppler system.

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Section: Multiple Ultrasound Reflections In Pipe Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Ultrasound Propagation in High-Temperature Nuclear Reactor Feedwater to Investigate a Clamp-on Ultrasonic Pulse Doppler Flowmeter

Tezuka

Mori

Wada

et al. 2008

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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“…Using ultrasound Doppler information for flow metering is a non-invasive, first-principle-based measurement [1]. The volume flow rate is directly given by area integration of the spatial distribution of the velocity within a target plane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Flow-Monitoring and Flow-Metering of Air–Oil–Water Three-Layer Pipe Flows

et al. 2017

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The combined use of ultrasound pulse-echo intensity and Doppler shift frequency is examined as a means to measure strong unsteady three-phase pipe flows of a gas and two liquids. With air, oil, and water as components of the fluid media, particular attention is given to analyze ultrasound responses at the air-oil and oil-water interfaces. Reciprocating slugging is generated inside a 55-mm-diameter circular pipe, of which edges oscillate vertically at a controlled frequency. We use an ultrasound velocity profiler to obtain the 1-D cross-sectional distributions of the instantaneous flow velocity at the sampling rate of 60 Hz. All the measurements are realized by a single ultrasound transducer located outside the pipe. Measurement accuracy is validated using a high-speed camera coupled with particle image velocimetry that is synchronized with the profiler. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique works properly in sensing both interfaces as well as in-phase flow velocity distributions. In addition, multiphase volume flow rates for the constituents are obtained by velocity profile integration assuming vertical phase stratification in an approximation.INDEX TERMS Doppler method, flow metering, multiphase flow, particle image velocimetry, pipe flow, pipe line, ultrasound

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“…The simplest are mechanical, or based on pressure measurements. With regards to the measurement without contact, the ultrasonic technique is very diffused [2]. An alternative is given by the optical methods, such as Particle-Image-Velocimetry (PIV) [3], laser-Doppler anemometry [4], also with variations for high-speed flow [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser diode for flow-measurement

Norgia

Pesatori

Donati

2015

2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings

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A simple laser diode, without lenses, is demonstrated as a flow sensor. The diode is placed directly on the edge of the duct, exploiting the natural laser divergence. The flow-measurement is based on the Doppler shift induced by the scattering particles inside the fluid, read by the self-mixing effect inside the laser diode. The proposed approach was modeled by a numerical simulation, in order to find the best signal processing algorithm. Finally, a set of measurements have confirmed the sensor performances as flow-meter.This full text paper was peer-reviewed at the direction of IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society prior to the acceptance and publication.978-1-4799-6144-6/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE

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A study of ultrasonic propagation for ultrasonic flow rate measurement

Cited by 43 publications

References 5 publications

Analysis of Ultrasound Propagation in High-Temperature Nuclear Reactor Feedwater to Investigate a Clamp-on Ultrasonic Pulse Doppler Flowmeter

Analysis of Ultrasound Propagation in High-Temperature Nuclear Reactor Feedwater to Investigate a Clamp-on Ultrasonic Pulse Doppler Flowmeter

Ultrasound Flow-Monitoring and Flow-Metering of Air–Oil–Water Three-Layer Pipe Flows

Laser diode for flow-measurement

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