“…In line with this view, deductive reasoning is often used as a marker of general analytical skills or intelligence (Yang & Johnson-Laird, 2001). Some empirical studies have shown that students from East Asian countries have often outperformed their American counterparts in tests that required general analytical skills (e.g., Mattheis, Spooner, Coble, Takemura, Matsumoto, Matsumoto, & Yoshida, 1992). However, there is also counter evidence suggesting that cultural influence on deductive reasoning may be largely attributed to curricular emphasis of different cultures.…”