A Study of Rain Estimation Methods from Space Using Dual-Wavelength Radar Measurements at Near-Nadir Incidence over Ocean

Meneghini, R.; Kozu, Toshiaki; Kumagai, Hiroshi; Boncyk, W.C.

doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0364:asorem>2.0.co;2

Cited by 85 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…In vertically pointing airborne and spaceborne radars, the DFR can be used to constrain the drop size. In operational use, the DSD parameters are usually retrieved from an algorithm that combines the measured data together instead of using an explicit DFR-D 0 relationship (see, e.g., Meneghini et al 1992). Nevertheless, examining the sensitivity of DFR to D 0 can help to determine the usefulness of dual-frequency observations in constraining the DSD parameters.…”

Section: Radar-rainfall Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Climatology of Disdrometer Measurements of Rainfall in Finland over Five Years with Implications for Global Radar Observations

Leinonen

Moisseev

Leskinen

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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To improve the understanding of high-latitude rain microphysics and its implications for the remote sensing of rainfall by ground-based and spaceborne radars, raindrop size measurements have been analyzed that were collected over five years with a Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer located in Jä rvenpä ä , Finland. The analysis shows that the regional climate is characterized by light rain and small drop size with narrow size distributions and that the mutual relations of drop size distribution parameters differ from those reported at lower latitudes. Radar parameters computed from the distributions demonstrate that the high latitudes are a challenging target for weather radar observations, particularly those employing polarimetric and dual-frequency techniques. Nevertheless, the findings imply that polarimetric ground radars can produce reliable ''ground truth'' estimates for space observations and identify dual-frequency radars utilizing a W-band channel as promising tools for observing rainfall in the high-latitude climate.

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Section: Radar-rainfall Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To estimate the DSD with spaceborne radars such as the Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core satellite, dual-frequency retrievals are used instead ). This approach is similar to the dual-polarization approach (Meneghini and Liao 2007) and also suffers from a problem of underdetermined measurements.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Climatology of Disdrometer Measurements of Rainfall in Finland over Five Years with Implications for Global Radar Observations

Leinonen

Moisseev

Leskinen

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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“…(14) when the specific attenuation A hh (expressed in dB km −1 ) is assumed to be related to the horizontally polarized reflectivity Z hh (expressed in mm 6 m −3 ) through a power law A hh =αZ β hh with β assumed constant in range. When the constraint is assumed at the farthest range bin (i.e., the estimated path integrated attenuation at r=r n is used as constraint) the so-called Final Value (FV) (i.e., Meneghini et al, 1983Meneghini et al, , 1992Meneghini and Nakamura, 1990) is obtained Otherwise, if the constraint is applied also to the first range bin (i.e., Z hh m (r 0 )=Z hh (r 0 )) and α is assumed constant in range, the CA solution (Meneghini et al, 1983;Meneghini and Nakamura, 1990) When the differential phase measurements are used to estimate the constraint at the farthest range bin, as proposed in Testud et al (2001), Eq. (16) coincides with the so-called ZPHI algorithm (see Appendix A for more details).…”

Section: Rain Profiling Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(A1) can be rewritten as a differential equation (Meneghini et al, 1992) which takes the form of a Riccati differential equation (Abramowitz and Stegun, 1972). A general solution to this differential equation is Z hh (r) = Z hh m (r) C 1 − S(r)…”

Section: Rain Profiling Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall rate retrieval in presence of path attenuation using C-band polarimetric weather radars

Vulpiani

Marzano

Chandrasekar

et al. 2006

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract.Weather radar systems are very suitable tools for the monitoring of extreme rainfall events providing measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution over a wide geographical area. Nevertheless, radar rainfall retrieval at C-band is prone to several error sources, such as rain path attenuation which affects the accuracy of inversion algorithms. In this paper, the so-called rain profiling techniques (namely the surface reference method FV and the polarimetric method ZPHI) are applied to correct rain path attenuation and a new neural network algorithm is proposed to estimate the rain rate from the corrected measurements of reflectivity and differential reflectivity. A stochastic model, based on disdrometer measurements, is used to generate realistic range profiles of raindrop size distribution parameters while a T-matrix solution technique is adopted to compute the corresponding polarimetric variables. A sensitivity analysis is performed in order to evaluate the expected errors of these methods. It has been found that the ZPHI method is more reliable than FV, being less sensitive to calibration errors. Moreover, the proposed neural network algorithm has shown more accurate rain rate estimates than the corresponding parametric algorithm, especially in presence of calibration errors.

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“…These issues will be taken up in section 4. It is worth noting that in snow the ambiguity of estimating D 0 from dZ e is absent because D 0 is a monotonically increasing function of dZ e for all frequency pairs in the microwave and millimeterwave range [Matrosov, 1992;Meneghini et al, 1992].…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential‐frequency Doppler weather radar: Theory and experiment

et al. 2003

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[1] To move toward spaceborne weather radars that can be deployed routinely as part of an instrument set consisting of passive and active sensors requires the development of smaller, lighter-weight radars. At the same time, the addition of a second frequency and an upgrade to Doppler capability are essential to retrieve information on the drop size distribution (DSD), vertical air motion, and storm dynamics. One approach to the problem is to use a single broadband transmitter-receiver and antenna where two narrowband frequencies are spaced apart by 7-10%. Use of Ka-band frequencies (26.5-40 GHz) provides adequate spatial resolution with a relatively small antenna. Moreover, the differential reflectivity and mean Doppler signals in this band are directly related to the median mass diameter of the snow and raindrop size distributions. We present in the paper theoretical calculations of the differential reflectivity and Doppler for several frequency pairs including those proposed for the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) at 13.6 and 35 GHz. Measurements from a zenith-directed radar operated at 9.1 and 10 GHz are used to investigate the qualitative characteristics of the differential signals. Disdrometer data taken at the surface, just below the radar, show that the differential signals are related to characteristics of the raindrop size distribution. The stability of the DSD estimation procedure is tested using a simulation. The results indicate that reasonably stable estimates of the particle size distribution are feasible with a [31.5 GHz, 35 GHz] combination as long as a large number of independent samples are obtained.

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A Study of Rain Estimation Methods from Space Using Dual-Wavelength Radar Measurements at Near-Nadir Incidence over Ocean

Cited by 85 publications

References 0 publications

A Climatology of Disdrometer Measurements of Rainfall in Finland over Five Years with Implications for Global Radar Observations

A Climatology of Disdrometer Measurements of Rainfall in Finland over Five Years with Implications for Global Radar Observations

Rainfall rate retrieval in presence of path attenuation using C-band polarimetric weather radars

Differential‐frequency Doppler weather radar: Theory and experiment

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