A Study of Mortality and Morbidity Among Persons Occupationally Exposed to ⩽50 mSv in a Year: Phase I, Mortality Through 1984

Fry, Shirley A.; Dupree, Eli; Sipe, A. H.; Seiler, Daniel; Wallace, Phillip W.

doi:10.1080/1047322x.1996.10389333

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The dosimetry data found in the Rocketdyne/AI radiation folders, which formed the basis of the radiation worker database, were then supplemented with dosimetry information obtained from the Landauer dosimetry company, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Department of Energy, and the military services (e.g., the U.S. Army) (Muirhead et al 1996). In addition, nuclear facilities where a worker was employed prior to joining Rocketdyne or transferred to after employment with Rocketdyne/AI were identified and dosimetry information obtained (Gilbert et al 1993a;Fry et al 1996;Frome et al 1997;Dupree-Ellis et al 2000).…”

Section: Record Linkage With Nationwide and Facility-specific Dosimetmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Dose Reconstruction Methodology for Former Rocketdyne/Atomics International Radiation Workers

Boice

Leggett²,

Ellis³

et al. 2006

Health Physics

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Incomplete radiation exposure histories, inadequate treatment of internally deposited radionuclides, and failure to account for neutron exposures can be important uncertainties in epidemiologic studies of radiation workers. Organ-specific doses from lifetime occupational exposures and radionuclide intakes were estimated for an epidemiologic study of 5,801 Rocketdyne/Atomics International (AI) radiation workers engaged in nuclear technologies between 1948 and 1999. The entire workforce of 46,970 Rocketdyne/AI employees was identified from 35,042 Kardex work histories cards, 26,136 electronic personnel listings, and 14,189 radiation folders containing individual exposure histories. To obtain prior and subsequent occupational exposure information, the roster of all workers was matched against nationwide dosimetry files from the Department of Energy, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Landauer dosimetry company, the U.S. Army, and the U.S. Air Force. Dosimetry files of other worker studies were also accessed. Computation of organ doses from radionuclide intakes was complicated by the diversity of bioassay data collected over a 40-y period (urine and fecal samples, lung counts, whole-body counts, nasal smears, and wound and incident reports) and the variety of radionuclides with documented intake including isotopes of uranium, plutonium, americium, calcium, cesium, cerium, zirconium, thorium, polonium, promethium, iodine, zinc, strontium, and hydrogen (tritium). Over 30,000 individual bioassay measurements, recorded on 11 different bioassay forms, were abstracted. The bioassay data were evaluated using ICRP biokinetic models recommended in current or upcoming ICRP documents (modified for one inhaled material to reflect site-specific information) to estimate annual doses for 16 organs or tissues taking into account time of exposure, type of radionuclide, and excretion patterns. Detailed internal exposure scenarios were developed and annual internal doses were derived on a case-by-case basis for workers with committed equivalent doses indicated by screening criteria to be greater than 10 mSv to the organ with the highest internal dose. Overall, 5,801 workers were monitored for radiation at Rocketdyne/AI: 5,743 for external exposure and 2,232 for internal intakes of radionuclides; 41,169 workers were not monitored for radiation. The mean cumulative external dose based on Rocketdyne/AI records alone was 10.0 mSv, and the dose distribution was highly skewed with most workers experiencing low cumulative doses and only a few with high doses (maximum 500 mSv). Only 45 workers received greater than 200 mSv while employed at Rocketdyne/AI. However, nearly 32% (or 1,833) of the Rocketdyne/AI workers had been monitored for radiation at other nuclear facilities and incorporation of these doses increased the mean dose to 13.5 mSv (maximum 1,005 mSv) and the number of workers with >200 mSv to 69. For a small number of workers (n=292), lung doses from internal radionuclide intakes were relatively high (mean 106 mSv; maximum 3,560...

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Section: Record Linkage With Nationwide and Facility-specific Dosimetmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Dose Reconstruction Methodology for Former Rocketdyne/Atomics International Radiation Workers

Boice

Leggett²,

Ellis³

et al. 2006

Health Physics

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“…The populations recently under investigation include the workers at Rocketdyne (Leggett et al 2005; Boice et al 2006, 2011), Mound (Boice et al 2014), and Mallinckrodt (Dupree-Ellis et al 2000). Populations that have just been or will soon be studied include workers at Los Alamos (Wiggs et al 1994) and those in the 50 mSv study (Fry et al 1996). …”

Section: Description Of the Components Of The Million Worker Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose Reconstruction for the Million Worker Study

Bouville¹,

Toohey²,

Boice³

et al. 2015

Health Physics

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The primary aim of the epidemiologic study of one million U.S. radiation workers and veterans [the Million Worker Study (MWS)] is to provide scientifically valid information on the level of radiation risk when exposures are received gradually over time, and not within seconds as was the case for Japanese atomic-bomb survivors. The primary outcome of the epidemiologic study is cancer mortality but other causes of death such as cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease will be evaluated. The success of the study is tied to the validity of the dose reconstruction approaches to provide realistic estimates of organ-specific radiation absorbed doses that are as accurate and precise as possible and to properly evaluate their accompanying uncertainties. The dosimetry aspects for the MWS are challenging in that they address diverse exposure scenarios for diverse occupational groups being studied over a period of up to 70 y. The dosimetric issues differ among the varied exposed populations that are considered: atomic veterans, U.S. Department of Energy workers exposed to both penetrating radiation and intakes of radionuclides, nuclear power plant workers, medical radiation workers, and industrial radiographers. While a major source of radiation exposure to the study population comes from external gamma- or x-ray sources, for some of the study groups there is a meaningful component of radionuclide intakes that require internal radiation dosimetry assessments. Scientific Committee 6–9 has been established by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) to produce a report on the comprehensive organ dose assessment (including uncertainty analysis) for the MWS. The NCRP dosimetry report will cover the specifics of practical dose reconstruction for the ongoing epidemiologic studies with uncertainty analysis discussions and will be a specific application of the guidance provided in NCRP Report Nos. 158, 163, 164, and 171. The main role of the Committee is to provide guidelines to the various groups of dosimetrists involved in the MWS to ensure that certain dosimetry criteria are considered: calculation of annual absorbed doses in the organs of interest, separation of low and high linear-energy transfer components, evaluation of uncertainties, and quality assurance and quality control. It is recognized that the MWS and its approaches to dosimetry are a work in progress and that there will be flexibility and changes in direction as new information is obtained, both with regard to dosimetry and with regard to the epidemiologic features of the study components. This manuscript focuses on the description of the various components of the MWS, on the available dosimetry results, and on the challenges that have been encountered. It is expected that the Committee will complete its report in 2016.

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Nuclear Workers

2010

Radiation Hormesis and the Linear-No-Threshold Assumption

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A Study of Mortality and Morbidity Among Persons Occupationally Exposed to ⩽50 mSv in a Year: Phase I, Mortality Through 1984

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

A Comprehensive Dose Reconstruction Methodology for Former Rocketdyne/Atomics International Radiation Workers

A Comprehensive Dose Reconstruction Methodology for Former Rocketdyne/Atomics International Radiation Workers

Dose Reconstruction for the Million Worker Study

Nuclear Workers

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