A Study of Illness in a Group of Cleveland Families: X. The Occurrence of Adenovirus Infections1

Jordan, William S.; Badger, George F.; Curtiss, Constance; Dingle, John H.; Ginsberg, Harold S.; Gold, E. Richard

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119846

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In our survey the isolation rate for adenoviruses was similar to that found by Jordan, Badger, Curtiss, Dingle, Ginsberg, and Gold (1956). It is not clear whether such sporadic infections are responsible for the antibodies that are known to occur in young adults (Huebner, Rowe, Ward, Parrott, and Bell, 1954;Stovin, 1958) Pertussis is still a great child-killer in many countries.…”

Section: Bacterial Infectionssupporting

confidence: 79%

Acute Respiratory Infections in Children

1984

N Engl J Med

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Section: Bacterial Infectionssupporting

confidence: 79%

Acute Respiratory Infections in Children

1984

N Engl J Med

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“…A significant percentage of the population has been exposed to natural adenovirus infection [73,74], which could potentially limit the efficacy of adenovirus-based vaccines. Of equal concern is the realization that the same vector may be utilized in a number of vaccines.…”

Section: Adenovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Vaccine Against Ebola Virus

Geisbert¹,

Jahrling²

2003

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Ebola virus infection causes hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in humans and nonhuman primates. Currently, there are no vaccines or therapies approved for human use. Outbreaks of Ebola virus have been infrequent, largely confined to remote locations in Africa and quarantine of sick patients has been effective in controlling epidemics. In the past, this small global market has generated little commercial interest for developing an Ebola virus vaccine. However, heightened awareness of bioterrorism advanced by the events surrounding September 11, 2001, concomitant with knowledge that the former Soviet Union was evaluating Ebola virus as a weapon, has dramatically changed perspectives regarding the need for a vaccine against Ebola virus. This review takes a brief historic look at attempts to develop an efficacious vaccine, provides an overview of current vaccine candidates and highlights strategies that have the greatest potential for commercial development. Ebola virus (EBOV) has gained public notoriety in the last decade largely as a result of the enormous interest and alarm generated by the news media. This attention is primarily a consequence of the highly publicized isolation of EBOV in a suburb of Washington, DC., in 1989 coupled with its high case-fatality rate (near 90% in some outbreaks), unusual and striking morphology and its dramatic clinical presentation and lack of effective specific treatment. Progress in understanding the origins of the pathophysiological changes that make EBOV infections of humans so devastating have been slow, primarily because these viruses require biosafety level (BSL)-4 containment for safe research.EBOV infections are usually the most severe of the viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever (HF). Clinical symptoms appear suddenly after an incubation period of 2 to 21 days [1]. Common presenting complaints include high fever, chills, malaise and myalgia [2][3][4][5][6][7]. As the disease progresses, there is evidence of multisystemic involvement and manifestations include prostration, anorexia, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, shortness of breath, sore throat, edema, confusion and coma [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Petechiae, ecchymoses, mucosal hemorrhages and uncontrolled bleeding at venipuncture sites are notable observations [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The presence of a maculopapular rash is a prominent feature [2][3][4][5][6][7] but is not pathognomonic for EBOV HF. Fulminant EBOV infection typically evolves to shock, convulsions and, in most cases, diffuse coagulopathy ensues [2][3][4][5][6][7]. It should be noted that evidence of asymptomatic Ebola infection was documented in a small group of individuals during a recent outbreak [8] but the clinical and epidemiological relevance of this observation, at this time, is uncertain. Genetics & viral proteinsThe family Filoviridae is comprised of two genera: Marburgvirus (MARV) and Ebolavirus (EBOV). The Ebolavirus genus is further subdivided into four distinct species: Ivory Coast ebolavirus (ICEBOV), Reston Ebolavirus (REBOV), Su...

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“…ARD in civilians.-Surveys for neutralizing antibodies in serums of per sons in several geographic locales, reveal an unexplained paucity of experi ence with the adenovirus types 4 and 7 in children (24, 67) ;: however, such antibodies appear during and following adolescence in both males and fe males, suggesting that infection with one or both of these types is not re stricted to military populations (67). In one study, a majority of serums from females taken during pregnancy showed type 4 antibodies (24).…”

Section: S9mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute febrile Pharyngitis due to adenoviruses types I, 2, 3, and S.-The ability of type 3 adenovirus to produce illness including nonbacterial pharyn gitis was established in early studies (see previous section). On the basis of serologic surveys (11,67) and their demonstration in adenoids and tonsils (50), types 1,2, and 5 appear to be the most common of adenovirus infec tions. However, in the earlier studies, they were found only infrequently in relation to illness.…”

Section: S9mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Types 1 and 2 represent the earliest and most common adenovirus in fections of children; 70 to 80 per cent of infants in a densely populated urban area show evidence of infection by five years of age (11), and 40 to 60 per cent of suburban children show similar evidence of infection by the age of ten (67). Most type 3 and 5 infections tend to occur later than types 1 and 2 (11).…”

Section: S9mentioning

confidence: 99%

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