A. Study of Compression Wood in Scots Pine (<i>Pinus silvestris L.</i>)

Low, A. J.

doi:10.1093/forestry/37.2.179

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…been discussed by Low (1964), Rune and Warensjö (2002) and Warensjö (2003). According to Lundgren (2000), the external geometry of a trunk is a rather good indicator of the log quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem straightness and compression wood in a 22-year-old stand of container-grown Scots pine trees

Warensjö¹,

Rune²

2004

Silva Fenn.

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The distribution of compression wood in relation to eccentric growth and development of stem straightness was studied in a 22-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand in central Sweden that was established with container-grown seedlings. Stem straightness was measured on the same 440 trees in 1986 and 1997. The number of stems with straight base sections increased from 60% in 1986 to 89% in 1997. Measurements of 72 sample trees in 2001 showed that 96% of the trees had developed straight stem bases. External geometry data of the logs was obtained with a Rema 3D log scanner. A sub-sample of 16 trees was randomly selected for analysis of compression wood distribution and eccentricity measurements. From each tree, 11 discs were cut at every 60 cm along the stem. All discs, except one, contained compression wood. Compression wood and pith eccentricity was most pronounced near the stem base but not significantly correlated to basal sweep. Severe compression wood content was correlated to pith eccentricity and bow height. In general, correlations were better for the basal sections of the logs. Even though most trees were straight, they contained large amounts of compression wood. It is evident that eccentric growth and compression wood formation play major roles in the development of stem straightness. In several stems, a spiral compression wood distribution pattern was found. Reasons for this are discussed.

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“…been discussed by Low (1964), Rune and Warensjö (2002) and Warensjö (2003). According to Lundgren (2000), the external geometry of a trunk is a rather good indicator of the log quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem straightness and compression wood in a 22-year-old stand of container-grown Scots pine trees

Warensjö¹,

Rune²

2004

Silva Fenn.

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“…It has been reported that the base trunk geometry in silver fir is affected by mountain breeze in the upper third of mountain slopes and by the valley breeze in the lower third (Dinulica 2008). Compression wood formation and its positioning around the stem is influenced by the direction of prevailing winds and trunk inclination (Low 1964, Duncker & Spiecker 2008, thus affecting physical, chemical, mechanical, and technological characteristics of the timber (Macdonald & Hubert 2002, Wimmer & Johansson 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind contribution to yearly silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) compression wood development in the Romanian Carpathians

Dinulică¹,

Marcu²,

Borz³

et al. 2016

iForest

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Since the 1950s, wind has represented one of the main disturbances to forest ecosystems in Europe, causing an increase in the frequency and amount of trees uprooted or broken by wind. Such phenomenon has also increased the incidence of compression wood in the xylem of remnant trees, thus leading to a general decrease in timber quality. In this study, we aimed to determine how wind regime affects the incidence of compression wood by reconstructing its chronology at both inter-and intra-annual scale using dendroclimatic methods. Six silver fir stands at different elevations were selected in central Romania, and compression wood time series were obtained from both increment cores from standing trees and radial discs from felled trees. Wood-structure variables were statistically analyzed as time series, while fluctuations of wind frequency and speed over the period 1921-present were reconstructed based on meteorological data. The structural response of sampled trees to wind was assessed based on the annual fluctuation in the frequency and intensity of compression wood. Results showed that the incidence of compression wood in the time series was synchronized with the intensity of the wind, rather than its duration. Wind regime in December of the preceding calendar year was significantly correlated with the frequency of compression wood, whereas its intensity was significantly correlated with wind load of previous September. The response of cambium to the wind stimulus increased with distance from the tree collar, peaking in the section at the base of the crown. At a decennial scale, only high-intensity wind stress triggered structural responses in the studied trees. Wind effects on xylogenesis in the analyzed stands increased over the last decades as a consequence of the local forest management. A better understanding of the structural response of forest trees to wind regime may explain how individual and groups of trees compete for stability and can help to improve forest management strategies in windy regions.

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“…La croissance secondaire qui suit le déséquilibre sera, en partie ou en totalité, constituée de cellules plus courtes, plus rigides et aux parois plus épaisses (le bois de compression). Ces facteurs diminuent la qualité du bois (Loup et al 1991;Timell 1986;Low 1964). De plus, les caractéristiques liées aux branches influencent également la qualité du bois, du fait que les noeuds déforment la fibre ligneuse et induisent aussi la formation de bois de compression nécessaire pour soutenir les branches (Timell 1986).…”

Section: Bourgeons De Idormanceunclassified

Croissance, développement et architecture des structures aériennes et souterraines de pins gris (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) dans un peuplement naturel et une plantation /

Plourde¹

2007

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A. Study of Compression Wood in Scots Pine (Pinus silvestris L.)

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Stem straightness and compression wood in a 22-year-old stand of container-grown Scots pine trees

Stem straightness and compression wood in a 22-year-old stand of container-grown Scots pine trees

Wind contribution to yearly silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) compression wood development in the Romanian Carpathians

Croissance, développement et architecture des structures aériennes et souterraines de pins gris (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) dans un peuplement naturel et une plantation /

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