A study of chemical micro-mechanisms of initiation of organic polynitro compounds

New aspects of initiation reactivities of energetic materials demonstrated on nitramines

“…A number of papers, inclusive of some striking pieces of experimental evidence, deal with relationships between the chemism of homolytic fragmentation of these compounds in the initiation processes and the chemism of low-temperature thermal decomposition (see Introduction in Ref. [1] and references herein). However, the approaches to study of micro-ଝ Devoted to 85 years of education in the field of Chemistry and Technology of Explosives in the former Czechoslovakia (beginning in 1920 at the Institute of Chemical-Technological Engineering in Prague).…”

The Relationship between Impact Sensitivity of Nitroaromatic Energetic Compounds and their Electrostatic Sensitivity

“…The primary dissociation reactions can be supposed to be identical with the primary splitting processes of low-temperature thermolysis and detonation transformation of molecules of these materials [16]. The electric spark sensitivity of energetic compounds is affected by various parameters, such as the chemical nature of the compound [9], its particle shape and size [10,11], the temperature [12], the moisture content [10], its thermal and impact reactivity [10,[13][14][15], the configuration of the electrodes, and the general structure of the circuit and the discharge time [10]. Although there are various effects that influence the electrostatic sensitivity of energetic compounds, a linear relationship between the test results obtained with various apparatuses can be found [16].…”

“…Reliable estimation of sensitivity parameters of explosives is of utmost importance before their actual synthesis. Several theoretical or empirical methods have been introduced for the estimation of the various sensitivity parameters of nitroaromatic energetic compounds [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Electrostatic Hazards Assessment of Nitramine Explosives: Resistivity, Charge Accumulation and Discharge Sensitivity

“…detonation velocity, detonation pressure) and electric spark sensitivity [12][13][14][15][16]. The ESD sensitivity of energetic materials has been confirmed to be influenced by various parameters, including the chemical micro-mechanism [17], moisture content [18], granularity [18][19][20][21], particle shape [19,22], temperature [23], electrodes form, composition of the discharging circuit [18], thermal reactiveness [9,18,24], and impact reactiveness [25][26][27]. Up to the present time, the experimental test is still the most direct and effective method to ascertain the ESD sensitivity of explosives.…”