A Study of Causes of Hail

Longley, Richmond W.; Thompson, CC

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1965)004<0069:asocoh>2.0.co;2

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The upper-level pattern could be slowed down and broadened by interaction of the upper-level ow and deep convection. That deep convection coincides with the passage of an upper-level trough has been documented for Alberta storms (Longley and Thompson, 1965;Smith and Yau, 1993a,b) and Highveld storms (Garstang et al, 1987;Hudak and List, 1988).…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…A logical next step would be to compute composite surface and upper-level analyses for the severe and non-severe days similar to Longley and Thompson (1965). The large sample sizes for both regions should make it possible to resolve the question as to the speed and breadth of the upper-level troughs which accompany severe episodes.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The episodic occurrence of hail in central Alberta and the Highveld of South Africa: Research note

Smith¹,

Reuter²,

Yau³

1998

Atmosphere-Ocean

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The episodic occurrence of hail in central Alberta and the Highveld of South Africa: Research note

Smith¹,

Reuter²,

Yau³

1998

Atmosphere-Ocean

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Thus, the supercell thunderstorm mode of hail production (Browning 1963;Browning and Foote 1976;Nelson 1983;Knight and Knight 2001;Tessendorf et al 2005), in which graupel and frozen raindrops circulate repeatedly through the updraft and inflow regions of the thunderstorm (termed embryo recycling), may have supported the development of large quantities of hail in three of the four cases considered herein. Strongly sheared environments also have been shown to prolong the residence time of hailstones within the thunderstorm updraft (Dessens 1960;Das 1962;Longley and Thompson 1965;Berthet et al 2013), further contributing to hail mass.…”

Section: A Meteorological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorado Plowable Hailstorms: Synoptic Weather, Radar, and Lightning Characteristics

Kalina

Friedrich

Motta

et al. 2016

Weather and Forecasting

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Synoptic weather, S-band dual-polarization radar, and total lightning observations are analyzed from four thunderstorms that produced ''plowable'' hail accumulations of 15-60 cm in localized areas of the Colorado Front Range. Results indicate that moist, relatively slow (5-15 m s 21) southwesterly-to-westerly flow at 500 hPa and postfrontal low-level upslope flow, with 2-m dewpoint temperatures of 118-198C at 1200 LST, were present on each plowable hail day. This pattern resulted in column-integrated precipitable water values that were 132%-184% of the monthly means and freezing-level heights that were 100-700 m higher than average. Radar data indicate that between one and three maxima in reflectivity Z (68-75 dBZ) and 50-dBZ echo-top height (11-15 km MSL) occurred over the lifetime of each hailstorm. These maxima, which imply an enhancement in updraft strength, resulted in increased graupel and hail production and accumulating hail at the surface within 30 min of the highest echo tops. The hail core had Z ; 70 dBZ, differential reflectivity Z DR from 0 to 24 dB, and correlation coefficient r HV of 0.80-0.95. Time-height plots reveal that these minima in Z DR and r HV gradually descended to the surface after originating at heights of 6-10 km MSL ;15-60 min prior to accumulating hailfall. Hail accumulations estimated from the radar data pinpoint the times and locations of plowable hail, with depths greater than 5 cm collocated with the plowable hail reports. Three of the four hail events were accompanied by lightning flash rates near the maximum observed thus far within the thunderstorm.

show abstract

“…Research related to severe storm outbreaks was conducted by Longley and Thompson (1965), who constructed mean maps for hail and no-hail days using upper-air sounding data. Research in the 1970s focused on hail observations and modeling (Chisholm 1973;English 1973;Renick and Maxwell 1977) and storm-scale studies, including kinematic models for single cell, multicell, and supercell hailstorms pioneered by Chisholm and Renick (1972 (Strong 1986(Strong , 1989.…”

Section: Alberta Thunderstorm Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Understanding Severe Thunderstorms and Alberta Boundary Layers Experiment (UNSTABLE) 2008

Taylor

Sills

Hanesiak

et al. 2011

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a field and modeling study aims to improve our understanding of boundary layer processes in the foothills of the alberta rocky mountains and how they relate to the initiation of severe thunderstorms. U nderstanding convective initiation (CI) and predicting severe thunderstorms remains a challenge for atmospheric scientists and forecasters. However, accurate forecasts of the timing and location of CI are critical to maximize the lead time and accuracy of severe weather watches and warnings. The small spatial and temporal scales (sometimes only hundreds of meters and minutes, respectively) on which atmospheric processes leading to CI occur make them difficult to measure observationally and simulate using numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. An attempt to resolve these processes via observations can be made using 

show abstract

A Study of Causes of Hail

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

The episodic occurrence of hail in central Alberta and the Highveld of South Africa: Research note

The episodic occurrence of hail in central Alberta and the Highveld of South Africa: Research note

Colorado Plowable Hailstorms: Synoptic Weather, Radar, and Lightning Characteristics

The Understanding Severe Thunderstorms and Alberta Boundary Layers Experiment (UNSTABLE) 2008

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About