A study of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a tertiary care hospital in South Chhattisgarh

Abstract

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired as well as community-acquired infections due to significant changes in microbial genetic ecology; as a result of indiscriminate use of antibiotics, the spread of multidrug resistance (MDR) is now a global problem. Its general resistance is due to a combination of factor. Several different epidemiological studies indicate that antibiotic resistance is increasing in clinical isolates. Objectives: The present study was conducted to find out the current antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from various clinical samples at our tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South Chhattisgarh, India, from June 2014 to May 2016. One hundred and ninety-eight clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from various clinical samples were studied. They were identified by routine standards and operative procedures, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and the results were interpreted according to the CLSI guidelines. Quality control of the test was done by standards ATCC strain P. aeruginosa 27853. Data obtained were analyzed and presented in counts and percentage. Results: Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most sensitive chemotherapeutic agent with 93% susceptibility rate, followed by imipenem 91% and levofloxacin 83.5%. Amikacin showed better susceptibility rate 78% when compared to that of gentamicin 53%; the susceptibility rate to cephalosporin and aztreonam was relative very low. Most of the P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from clinical samples such as pus 73, urine 42, and respiratory secretion 16, and sputum 26. Out of 198 clinical isolates, 34 (17%) clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were found to be MDR. Most of the MDR P. aeruginosa strains were isolates from pus, urine, and respiratory sample. Conclusions: To prevent the spread of the resistant bacteria, it is critically important to have strict antibiotic policies in our country. There should be surveillance programs for the detection of MDR organisms in every locality. Infection control programs need to be implemented with quality control in every hospital.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Nosocomial Infection: Burden in Surgical Site of Tertiary Care Unit

“…Similar rate were observed by Javiya et al, (2008), 67.86%and Senthamarai et al, (2014, 65.38% and higher rates of resistance 75% were observed in Rajput et al, (2015). We found that 60% isolates were resistance to Aztreonam in our study, similar to other studies by Yadav et al, (2017), 63.7%. We found that 55.9% isolates were resistance to Gentamicin in our study, similar to other studies by Senthamarai et al, (2014), 51.92%.…”

Antimicrobial Resistance Ratios of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Various Clinical Samples-A Three- Year Evaluation

“…Yurtdışında yapılan çalışmalarda piperasilin / tazobaktam için % 7-38.5, seftazidim için % 15.7-58.0, sefepim için % 14.6-52.5, imipenem için % 8.6-20.8, meropenem için % 6.2-6.5 ve aztreonam için % 36.3 direnç oranları bildirilmiştir (1,13,21,22,28) . ABD, Fransa, Almanya, İtalya ve İspanya'da yapılan ortak bir çalışmada sefalosporinlere karşı direnç oranı % 18.6-40.5, karbapenemlere karşı % 21-52.7 ve beta-laktamaz inhibitörlerine karşı % 55.8-79.5 gibi yüksek direnç oranları saptanmıştır (16) .…”

“…Pseudomonas tedavisinde kullanılan bir diğer grup antibiyotik kinolonlardır. Ülkemizde yapılan bazı çalışmalarda siprofloksasin için direnç oranı % 19.7-45.9, levofloksasin için % 23.8-52, yurtdışında yapılan çalışmalarda siprofloksasin için direnç oranı % 22.5-49 levofloksasin için % 16.5-26.7 olarak bildirilmiştir (1,2,4,6,9,11,12,15,(21)(22)(23)25,28,29) . Çalışmamızdaki kinolon grubu ilaçlara karşı son üç yılda direnç oranların-da herhangi bir değişiklik gözlenmemiş olup (p>0.05) siprofloksasin için saptadığımız % 27.4 ve levofloksasin için % 25.5'lik direnç oranı bu çalışmalardaki direnç oranlarıyla benzerlik göstermiştir.…”

“…Aminoglikozid grubundan amikasin, modifiye edici enzimlerden daha az etkilendiği için grubun diğer üyelerine kıyasla daha nadir direnç gelişmektedir (10) . Ülkemizde yapılan bazı çalışmalarda amikasin için direnç % 9-43, gentamisin için % 17.2-75 olarak bildirilirken yurt dışında yapılan çalışmalarda amikasin için direnç % 3-16.7 ve gentamisin için % 13.5-47 oranlarında bulunmuştur (1,2,4,6,9,12,13,15,22,23,25,28) . Çalışmamızda amikasine (p=0.320) ve gentamisine (p=0.093) karşı 2015 ve 2016 yıllarına göre 2017 yılında gözlenen direnç oranlarındaki düşüş istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmayıp amikasin için saptadığımız % 11.6 ve gentamisin için % 19.7'lik direnç oranları Akduman Alaşehir ve ark.…”

A five-year retrospective study of the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ICU clinical isolates in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

“…With a rise in resistance to antimicrobials in the 21 st century, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has not been exempted from this public health problem. According to Yadov et al [17] advances in medical and surgical healthcare facilities with the introduction of antimicrobial agents having anti-Pseudomonal activities have not been able to avert or reduce life threatening infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa nor their complications in hospital acquired infections [18]. From the time of Mayhall's [19] report on the complications resulting from hospital acquired infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, this Gram negative bacterium belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae has risen to become a challenging ISSN 0970-938X www.biomedres.info…”