A Study of Aflatoxicosis in Laying Hens

Sims, W.; Kelley, Donald C.; Sanford, P. E.

doi:10.3382/ps.0491082

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Dietary exposure to AFB1 and other aflatoxins leads to lower weight gain and absolute body weights in both chickens and turkeys [34,39,84,88,[115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124]. Reduced feed intake [34,115,118,[122][123][124][125] and decreased efficiency of nutrient usage [34,39,84,88,115,122,125] both contribute to this impaired growth during aflatoxicosis.…”

Section: Production Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In layers fed AFB1, age to maturity is increased [34] and egg production is reduced [34,121,125,[128][129][130][131]. Egg quality parameters such as total weight, shape, albumin or yolk percentage, and shell thickness in chickens and quail can be adversely affected by AFB1, although the effects were variable among studies [34,125,126,128,[131][132][133].…”

Section: Production Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aflatoxicosis in poultry is characterized by an enlarged, pale, and friable liver [10,34,38,39,84,116,117,120,121,134,135] Although relative liver weight can initially decrease [117], longer exposure to dietary AFB1 raises the relative weight of the liver and causes pale or yellowed pigmentation [10,84,88,[115][116][117][120][121][122][123][124]135,136]. At the cellular level, increased vacuolation of AFB1-exposed hepatocytes allows high levels of lipids to accumulate [10,34,39,84,116,120,121,126]. Steatosis is therefore responsible for the changes in liver color and size during aflatoxicosis.…”

Section: Hepatotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common histopathological signs of AFB1-induced liver damage include focal necrotic hepatocytes or hemorrhages [10,34,39,84,116,121,137]. Acute damage initiates inflammatory responses and leads to leukocyte infiltration and proliferation in the liver [10,34,84,112,116,138].…”

Section: Hepatotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

2015

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This review is a comprehensive introduction to the effects of poultry exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The relationship between AFB1 sensitivity and metabolism, major direct and indirect effects of AFB1, recent studies of gene expression and transcriptome responses to exposure, and mitigation strategies to reduce toxicity are discussed. Exposure to AFB1 primarily occurs by consumption of contaminated corn, grain or other feed components. Low levels of residual AFB1 in poultry feeds can cause reduction in growth, feed conversion, egg production, and compromised immune functions, resulting in significant economic costs to producers. Thus, AFB1 acts as a "force multiplier" synergizing the adverse effects of microbial pathogens and other agents, and factors detrimental to poultry health. Domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are one of the most sensitive animals known to AFB1 due, in large part, to a combination of efficient hepatic bioactivation by cytochromes P450 1A5 and 3A37, and deficient hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification. Because of their sensitivity, turkeys are a good model to investigate chemopreventive treatments and feed additives for their ability to reduce AFB1 toxicity. Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) of turkey poults (liver and spleen) has identified AFB1-induced gene expression changes in pathways of apoptosis, carcinogenesis, lipid regulation, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and antigen presentation. Current research focuses on further identifying the molecular mechanisms OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 743 underlying AFB1 toxicity with the goal of reducing aflatoxicosis and improving poultry health.

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Section: Production Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Production Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hepatotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hepatotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

2015

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“…www.intechopen.com Sims et al (1970) fed ad libitum aflatoxin -contaminated diet having levels of 2.00 to 8.00ppm aflatoxin B 1 for 17 days and observed a significant reduction in egg production. Egg weight was not affected and also they could not detect any fluorescent metabolites in the eggs or liver of hens fed dietary aflatoxin.…”

Section: Aflatoxicosis In Commercial Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%