Aflatoxin residues in food and feed derived from plant and animal sources

Armbrecht, Bernard H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8479-7_2

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The mode of action of aflatoxins and ochratoxins may explain the negative effects which occurred in the group fed on feed without clay. It includes inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis (Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin-A), genotoxic (Aflatoxin), cellulartoxic-freeradical and active oxygen producing (Aflatoxin), carcinogenic (Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin-A), circulatory system (Aflatoxin), hepatotoxic (Aflatoxin), nephrotoxic (Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin) [10][11][12] . This toxic effect reflects the manifestations of low performance parameters, low survival rate, low production rate which recorded along the culture season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous researchers have reported that mycotoxins can act synergistically so that the negative effects of two mycotoxins are worse than the effects of single toxin 1,9 . The negative effects of mycotoxins including inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, genotoxic, proteolytic, chromatide plaster, depression of ATPase, hormonotoxic, estrogenic, sexual, free radical and active oxygen producing, carcinogenic, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, digestive system toxins, and dermal toxic effects [10][11][12][13] . As a results of these negative effects, mycotoxins can cause a wide variety of adverse clinical signs among fishes depending on the nature and concentration of the mycotoxin, duration of exposure, the fish species/age, nutritional and health status at the time of exposure to contaminated feed [14][15][16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field Study on the Mycotoxin Binding Effects of Clay in Oreochromis niloticus Feeds and Their Impacts on the Performance as Well as the Health Status throughout the Culture Season

Abdel‐Aziz¹,

Anwer²,

Abdelrazek³

2010

Interdisciplinary Bio Central

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Total aflatoxin and ochratoxin were detected in 3 naturally contaminated fish feed samples using immune-affinity method. The results revealed that the average levels of aflatoxins in the 3 examined samples were (15, 22 and 12 µg/kg) respectively while the average levels of ochratoxins were (15, 6 and 6 µg/kg). The results of determination of the effects of clay as a mycotoxin binder on the health status and performance of Oreochromis niloticus in comparing with a control group revealed that the survival rate in control group was 81% after the end of the culture season. The results also revealed that the survival rate in group 2 which received clay treated feed was 86%. The results of regular parasitological examination revealed the identification of trichodina as external protozoa in Oreochromis niloticus from both ponds but without manifestation of disease signs. The results of bacteriological examination revealed the isolation and identification of Pseudomonas flouresence from some moribund Oreochromis niloticus. Higher performance parameters were recorded in group 2 that received feeds treated with clay which reflected in the total production which reaches 1646.47 kg while in the control pond, the total production was1308.36 kg.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Study on the Mycotoxin Binding Effects of Clay in Oreochromis niloticus Feeds and Their Impacts on the Performance as Well as the Health Status throughout the Culture Season

Abdel‐Aziz¹,

Anwer²,

Abdelrazek³

2010

Interdisciplinary Bio Central

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“…Aflatoxins (AFT), types of mycotoxins, are secretions of Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus which can grow on a wide variety of agricultural commodities (1)(2)(3)(4). These mycotoxins are hepatocarcinogens, mutagens, teratogens and toxins (5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin layer chromatographic analysis of possible aflatoxins within grain dusts

Dashek

Eadie

Llewellyn

et al. 1983

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is interested in assessing the hazards to grain workers associated with respirable grain dusts of all types. One of these hazards could involve the occurrence of mycotoxin producing fungi either upon or within grains. Aflatoxins, types of mycotoxins produced by bothAspergillus flavus andA. parasiticus, are hepatocarcinogens, mutagens, teratogens and toxins. Here, we report an attempt to determine whether settled and/or airborne dusts from barley, corn, flax, oats and Durum as well as spring wheats contain aflatoxins. These dusts were collected at port grain terminals in the Superior‐Duluth regions of the United States. The dusts were extracted with and chromatographed upon thin layer plates in a variety of solvents which have been approved for the separation of aflatoxins. Two acceptable aflatoxin B1 confirmatory tests were employed to verify suspected aflatoxin B1 within the extracts. Each dust contained a chloroform‐soluble, blue fluorescent compound(s) which possessed an Rf similar to that of aflatoxin B1 upon chromatography of chloroform extracts in chloroform/95% methanol. Methylene chloride/H2O) extracted a blue fluorescent compound(s) from each dust, and the compound(s) possessed Rf intermediate between those of aflatoxin B1 and B2 upon chromatography in acetone/methylene chloride. The methylene chloride/H2O extracted compounds failed to turn yellow upon spraying with 25% sulphuric acid in methanol and subsequent viewing with an ultraviolet source. Our results confirm those of Sorenson et al., who reported that aflatoxins were absent from airborne grain dusts collected from the Superior‐Duluth areas of the United States in the fall of 1977. In conclusion, we stress the need for extracting, detecting, and identifying aflatoxins by a variety of analytical procedures including thin layer and high performance liquid chromatography and “approved” confirmatory tests.

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“…Aflatoxin contamination of most agricultural plant crops, including grains, oil seeds and nuts, root crops and some forage crops, has been demonstrated in many countries (Armbrecht 1972; Mirocha and Christensen 1974). In Australia aflatoxin has been found in imported consignments of peanut meal and was associated with aflatoxicosis in chickens and turkeys (Gardiner and Oldroyd 1965;Hart 1965).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin Contamination of Australian Animal Feeds and Suspected Cases of Mycotoxicosis

1980

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Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 23 of 55 Australian feedstuffs known to be either water damaged or visibly mouldy. The highest contamination was 0.7 mg/kg of feed and the mean concentration 0.14 mg/kg. Of 36 feedstuffs purchased from local manufacturers, only a peanut meal contained aflatoxin B1 (0.5 mg/kg). Eleven feedstuffs were associated with field outbreakds of animal disease and 7 of these contained aflatoxin. However, the level of aflatoxin contamination was insufficient to account for the described disease symptoms.

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Aflatoxin residues in food and feed derived from plant and animal sources

Cited by 13 publications

References 85 publications

Field Study on the Mycotoxin Binding Effects of Clay in Oreochromis niloticus Feeds and Their Impacts on the Performance as Well as the Health Status throughout the Culture Season

Field Study on the Mycotoxin Binding Effects of Clay in Oreochromis niloticus Feeds and Their Impacts on the Performance as Well as the Health Status throughout the Culture Season

Thin layer chromatographic analysis of possible aflatoxins within grain dusts

Aflatoxin Contamination of Australian Animal Feeds and Suspected Cases of Mycotoxicosis

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