A Study of Active Duty Military Personnel With the MMPI-2

Transformation of the soldiers` personality in the International Operation Theatre and in the Post - operational Stage

“…The second general propensity -although the point decreases on scale 6 (paranoia) (see Figure 1), the increasing personality profiles on other scales of psychotic behavior: 4 (Pd), 8 (Sc) and 9 (Ma) after the mission develop inadequate, spontaneous, deviant preconditions of behavior. This propensity is similar to the results that had been obtained from another research on military personnel with MMPI-2, because rapid increases of profiles have also been observed in these factors of psychotic behavior, as well as on the scale 7 (Pt) (Butcher et al, 1990). However in the pre-operational profile 4 (Pd) and 5 (Ml/f) the points on scales are below minimum with the propensity towards 'poorly expressed', but in the post-operational profile, the increase is seen in both.…”

“…Taking into consideration that on the other scales of psychotic behavior the point of schizophrenia (Sc) and maniacal manifestation (Ma) rises in comparison with the profile right after a mission; the essential decrease is not observed, but on scale of psychopathic deviances (Pd) the profile is slightly escalated, we may affirm that the preconditions of abnormal behavior affecting personality still exist -the personality profile develops inadequate, spontaneous, deviant preconditions of behavior. Rapid increases of profiles have also been observed in these factors of psychotic behavior, as well as on the scale 7 (Pt) (Butcher et al, 1990). The tendency to increase of the profile on scales paranoia (Pa) and hysteria (Hy) indicates that a soldier is able to control aggression and suspiciousness in social contacts thus declaring a positive attitude towards his comrades and a life situation in general.…”

A perspective on developments in assessing psychopathology: A critical review of the MMPI and MMPI-2.

“…The normative sample ranged from age 18 to age 90 and better covered the population at the upper end of the age distribution (Butcher et al, 1991). The new norms showed differences on Scales 5 and 9 from a sample of 1,111 military personnel (Butcher, Jeffrey, et al, 1990) and smaller, but statistically significant, differences on several scales from samples of college students totaling 1,312 people (Butcher, Graham, Dahlstrom, & Bowman, 1990). The latter groups were tested using Form AX.…”

“…It would have been informative to contrast the use of uniform T scores with another method of equating distributions of scores, such as the Box and Cox (1964) power-symmetrizing transform used by Colligan et al (1983, 1989). Table 16 in Butcher et al (1990, p. 44) does contain a comparison of linear and uniform T scores for the content scales in terms of skewness and kurtosis. The uniform T scores are naturally more homogeneous.…”

Revising psychological tests: Lessons learned from the revision of the MMPI.

“…In all, over 15,000 persons from clinical and normal range populations were evaluated with the MMPI-2 or MMPI-A during the decade of redevelopment of the instrument and before the revision was released. For example, empirical studies were conducted on pain patients (Keller & Butcher, 1991), psychiatric inpatients (Ben-Porath, Butcher, & Graham, 1991), likely child abusing mothers (Egeland, Erickson, Butcher, & Ben-Porath, 1991), alcoholics (Weed, Butcher, Ben-Porath, & McKenna, 1992), couples in marital therapy (Hjemboe & Butcher, 1991), airline pilot applicants (Butcher, 1994), older individuals (Butcher et al, 1991), military personnel (Butcher, Jeffrey, et al, 1990), and college students (Butcher, Graham, Dahlstrom, & Bowman, 1990).…”