A study of a herpesvirus isolated from dairy cattle with a history of reproductive disorders

Castrucci, G; Frigeri, F; Cilli, V; Donelli, Gianfranco; Ferrari, M; Chicchini, Umberto; Bordoni, E.

doi:10.1016/0147-9571(86)90070-6

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The present study provides evidence that bacterial co-infection is important for the activation of the IE2 gene promoter in BES cells, necessary to activate the BoHV-4 lytic replication associated with uterine disease. Bacterial contamination of the uterine lumen is ubiquitous in postpartum cattle (Sheldon & Dobson 2004); BoHV-4 metritis is consistently associated with bacterial co-infection (Park & Kendrick 1973, Castrucci et al 1986, Mehrotra et al 1986, Czaplicki & Thiry 1998, Frazier et al 2002, Monge et al 2006, Nikolin et al 2007. Bacterial infection stimulates PTGS2 (COX2) expression and production of PGE 2 in bovine endometrial cells (Herath et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first isolation of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) from a case of bovine metritis was reported in the USA (Park & Kendrick 1973). Later, several other isolates were obtained from cows with reproductive disorders from different countries, including Italy (Castrucci et al 1986). In Belgium, BoHV-4 seroprevalence was associated with postpartum metritis and chronic infertility of cattle (Czaplicki & Thiry 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial infection of endometrial stromal cells influences bovine herpesvirus 4 immediate early gene activation: a new insight into bacterial and viral interaction for uterine disease

Donofrío¹,

Ravanetti²,

Cavirani³

et al. 2008

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Experimental infection with the g-herpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) rarely establishes disease, yet BoHV-4 is commonly associated with uterine disease in cattle. Uterine disease involves co-infection with bacteria such as Escherichia coli, which stimulate the production of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) by endometrial cells. BoHV-4 replication depends on immediate early 2 (IE2) gene transactivation and, in the present study, PGE 2 , E. coli or its lipopolysaccharide upregulated the IE2 gene promoter in uterine cells. Bacterial co-infection is important for BoHV-4 uterine disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial infection of endometrial stromal cells influences bovine herpesvirus 4 immediate early gene activation: a new insight into bacterial and viral interaction for uterine disease

Donofrío¹,

Ravanetti²,

Cavirani³

et al. 2008

Reproduction

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“…However, BHV-4 has not been clearly established as the etiologic agent of a specific disease entity. 14,17 Direct inoculation of cattle has only occasionally elicited genital disease, 5,9,28 and most isolates have failed to induce any clinical illness. 1,7 With rare exceptions, cases of BHV-4-associated metritis and abortion have only been reported from dairy farms in Europe.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endometritis in Postparturient Cattle Associated with Bovine Herpesvirus-4 Infection: 15 Cases

et al. 2001

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Abstract. Suppurative, ulcerative endometritis associated with bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) infection was identified in 15 postparturient dairy cows from 5 separate dairies. Characteristic eosinophilic to amphophilic intranuclear viral inclusion bodies were identified within degenerate endometrial lining epithelium and endothelial cells. Bovine herpesvirus-4 was confirmed as the etiology by a combination of fluorescent antibody assays, viral isolation, heminested PCR, ultrastructural examination of the uterus and inoculated tissue culture cells, and negative-stain electron microscopy of tissue culture supernatant. Viral particles measuring 70-95 nm were demonstrated in uterine epithelial and endothelial cells by electron microscopy. Bacteria including Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and an ␣-Streptococcus isolate were isolated from all uteri. Bovine herpesvirus-4-associated endometritis has been previously reported in sporadic cases in Europe but has not been previously reported in the United States. Endometritis associated with BHV-4 appears to be an emerging syndrome in Georgia dairy herds.

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“…The extremely low concentration of neutralizing antibody in BHV-4 infection 3,14,18,20 and the lengthy and sophisticated equipment-dependent protocols of both the standard ELISA and the VN test encourage the use of DIA, which is rapid, simple, highly sensitive, and easy to interpret visually, to detect the immunologic response in BHV-4 infection. Moreover, the DIA protocol can be easily adapted under field conditions for rapid detection of antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,11 A number of BHV-4 isolates have been reported from cattle with epididymitis, 21 vaginitis, 1 and abortion. 3,12,13 Variation in the pathogenic potential of BHV-4 isolates may be present, 15 and studies on BHV-4 isolates indicate that only certain isolates of BHV-4 have the potential to cause clinically identifiable infection in natural or experimental hosts. 4,5,15,17 BHV-4 induces neutralizing antibodies of low avidity that are barely detected by standard serum neutralization, but detection is enhanced with the addition of complement.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dot Immunobinding Assay for Detection of Bovine Herpesvirus 4 Antibodies in Rabbits

et al. 1999

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Abstract.A dot immunobinding assay (DIA) was used for the detection of antibody against bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV-4) in experimentally infected specific-pathogen-free male and female rabbits. A semipurified virus preparation was used as the antigen, and protein A/G-horseradish-peroxidase conjugate and diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride were used as the detection system. Results of the DIA procedure on serum samples of experimentally infected male and female rabbits were compared with those of a complement-dependent virus neutralization (VN) test. None of the tested sera (0/60 samples) from either male or female rabbits were positive by the complement-dependent VN test. Results of the DIA procedure for the same tested sera were positive in 35 of 60 samples (58%) from BHV-4 infected rabbits, indicating higher sensitivity of DIA procedure as compared with the complement-dependent VN test.Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV-4) is one of the members of bovine herpesviruses, and is grouped in the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. 8,11 A number of BHV-4 isolates have been reported from cattle with epididymitis, 21 vaginitis, 1 and abortion. 3,12,13 Variation in the pathogenic potential of BHV-4 isolates may be present, 15 and studies on BHV-4 isolates indicate that only certain isolates of BHV-4 have the potential to cause clinically identifiable infection in natural or experimental hosts. 4,5,15,17 BHV-4 induces neutralizing antibodies of low avidity that are barely detected by standard serum neutralization, but detection is enhanced with the addition of complement. 6,7,10,18 Because the detection of BHV-4 infection or exposure is difficult, a dot immunobing assay (DIA) antibody detection method was developed, and sensitivity was compared with that of a complement-dependent virus neutralization (VN) test. Materials and methodsSerum samples. Sixty serum samples were collected at various postinfection (PI) intervals from 4 groups of experimentally infected specific-pathogen-free SPF male and female Dutch-belted rabbits. Treatment, group design, and intervals of euthanasia of both male and female rabbits are given in Tables 1 and 2.Viral antigens. Strain 87-8363 of BHV-4 10 was propagated in bovine turbinate (BT) cell line a using Eagle's minimal Received for publication March 11, 1998. essential medium (MEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. After 90% cytopathic effect (CPE) was detected, the cell suspension was frozen and thawed 3 times (Ϫ70 C/37 C). The cells then were pelleted at 1,000 ϫ g for 20 min. The pellet was sonicated b for 15 sec with a 20-kHz microprobe at 75 watts of power and clarified by centrifugation at 1,000 ϫ g for 20 min. The supernatant was centrifuged for 2 hr at 44,000 ϫ g. c The virus pellet was resuspended in 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) (10 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.6). Virus-free cell cultures, processed and treated the same way as the virus stock, were used as noninfected controls. Processed viral antigens and noninfected control...

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A study of a herpesvirus isolated from dairy cattle with a history of reproductive disorders

Cited by 42 publications

References 3 publications

Bacterial infection of endometrial stromal cells influences bovine herpesvirus 4 immediate early gene activation: a new insight into bacterial and viral interaction for uterine disease

Bacterial infection of endometrial stromal cells influences bovine herpesvirus 4 immediate early gene activation: a new insight into bacterial and viral interaction for uterine disease

Endometritis in Postparturient Cattle Associated with Bovine Herpesvirus-4 Infection: 15 Cases

Dot Immunobinding Assay for Detection of Bovine Herpesvirus 4 Antibodies in Rabbits

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