A study of 399 cardiac tumors: Characteristics of echocardiography and pathological features

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to summarize the transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) characteristics of cardiac tumors with different pathologies. Methods:The data of 399 patients with cardiac tumors confirmed by pathology, who had undergone surgical resection were consecutively collected in our hospital between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2019. The TTE characteristics were summarized and compared with the pathology.Results: Mean patient age was 49.8±15.7 years (22 children and 377 adults), and 62.2% were female. Of the tumors, 90.5% (361) were primary and 9.5% (38) were secondary. Further, 88.7% (354) were benign and 11.3% (45) were malignant. Of the primary tumors (96.1% benign and 3.9% malignant), 84.2% were myxomas, followed by 3.5% lipomas and 1.5% fibromas in adults, while in children, 31.8% were rhabdomyomas and 22.7% were fibromas. The most common type of secondary cardiac tumor was malignant liver carcinoma metastasis (39.5%) and benign intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension from the uterus (18.4%). TTE features of myxoma showed four variation types among 8.9% of myxomas: liquefaction (anechoic region mostly), calcification (hyperechoic range with a shadow), multiple nodules, and high proliferative activity (a large irregular mass with a wide base and a high Ki67 index). The TTE characteristics of some common benign non-myxoma tumors had specific findings.The TTE features of malignant tumors mostly showed hypoechogenicity, an unclear boundary, a wide basement, and multi-chambers or tissue invasion. Conclusions:Most cardiac tumors have typical ultrasonic manifestations. Preoperative echocardiography could roughly judge cardiac tumor type and may be helpful for guiding clinical treatment decisions.

Cardiac myxoma shedding leads to lower extremity arterial embolism: A case report

“…Pathological immunohistochemical results showed that the emboli stained positive for vimentin, calretinin, CD31 and CD34 but were negative for CD68, CK, CK5/6 and F8. In addition, AB and PAS were positive, and the above results are consistent with the pathological characteristics of CM[ 5 - 7 ].…”

“…Alcian blue staining (AB) and periodic acid Schiff staining (PAS) were also positive (Figure 4 ). The above pathological findings were consistent with the pathological features of myxoma[ 5 - 7 ]. Combined with the results of preoperative echocardiography and postoperative pathological examination, it can be inferred that the acute lower extremity arterial embolism was caused by shedding of a left CM.…”

Hyperechoic mass of the right ventricle in adults: A rare presentation of an intracardiac teratoma

“…Primary cardiac tumors are very rare, with a reported incidence on autopsy of .002%–.3% and a prevalence of .001%–.03% 4,5 . The incidence of cardiac teratomas is extremely low: pericardial teratomas are the most common type, while intracardiac teratomas are rare.…”

“…Primary cardiac tumors are very rare, with a reported incidence on autopsy of .002%-.3% and a prevalence of .001%-.03%. 4,5 The inci- Although the mass was located in the right ventricular outflow tract, due to its small size, it did not affect the patient's cardiac hemodynamics.…”

Clinical characteristics of primary atrial tumor and their diagnostic value: A retrospective study of 10 years

“…With the development of medical imaging technology and the enhancement of people's health awareness, increasingly atrial tumors have been discovered and finally diagnosed ( 13 ). Echocardiography is a primary tool for the assessment of atrial tumor, providing an accurate assessment of tumor size, location, and attachment site and should assist in surgical planning ( 14 , 15 ). Compared with benign atrial tumors, the specific characteristics of malignant atrial tumors on echocardiography are still unclear.…”