A Study of 279 General Outbreaks of Gastrointestinal Infection in the North-East Region of England

Tebbutt, G. M.; Wilson, Deborah A.; Holtby, Ian

doi:10.3390/ijerph6020547

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, enteric parasites-mainly protozoa-are isolated from 1% to 65% of patients with diarrhea in various settings. The relative prevalences of enteric protozoa reported in several developed countries in outbreak and nonoutbreak settings among humans are reported in Table 1 (1, 11,12,24,60,85,90,96,128,144,184,192,193,204,215,225,247,248,255,264,265,301,335,355,370,395,416,417,425,442,444,452,467). Giardia intestinalis (0.2% to 29.2% of cases), Cryptosporidium spp.…”

Section: Distribution In Developed Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Protozoa in the Developed World: a Public Health Perspective

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY Several enteric protozoa cause severe morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals worldwide. In developed settings, enteric protozoa are often ignored as a cause of diarrheal illness due to better hygiene conditions, and as such, very little effort is used toward laboratory diagnosis. Although these protozoa contribute to the high burden of infectious diseases, estimates of their true prevalence are sometimes affected by the lack of sensitive diagnostic techniques to detect them in clinical and environmental specimens. Despite recent advances in the epidemiology, molecular biology, and treatment of protozoan illnesses, gaps in knowledge still exist, requiring further research. There is evidence that climate-related changes will contribute to their burden due to displacement of ecosystems and human and animal populations, increases in atmospheric temperature, flooding and other environmental conditions suitable for transmission, and the need for the reuse of alternative water sources to meet growing population needs. This review discusses the common enteric protozoa from a public health perspective, highlighting their epidemiology, modes of transmission, prevention, and control. It also discusses the potential impact of climate changes on their epidemiology and the issues surrounding waterborne transmission and suggests a multidisciplinary approach to their prevention and control.

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Section: Distribution In Developed Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Protozoa in the Developed World: a Public Health Perspective

et al. 2012

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“…Diarrhea from gastrointestinal infections remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. These diarrhea diseases not only occur in developing countries with low levels of hygiene and sanitation, but are also recognized in developed countries [2]. Food and waterborne pathogens are the main factors for the outbreak of these diseases, the transmission of these pathogens endangering public health [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powerful colloidal silver nanoparticles for the prevention of gastrointestinal bacterial infections

Nguyen

et al. 2012

Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol.

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In this work we have demonstrated a powerful disinfectant ability of colloidal silver nanoparticles (NPs) for the prevention of gastrointestinal bacterial infections. The silver NPs colloid was synthesized by a UV-enhanced chemical precipitation. Two gastrointestinal bacterial strains of Escherichia coli (ATCC 43888-O157:k-:H7) and Vibrio cholerae (O1) were used to verify the antibacterial activity of the as-prepared silver NPs colloid by means of surface disinfection assay in agar plates and turbidity assay in liquid media. Transmission electron microscopy was also employed to analyze the ultrastructural changes of bacterial cells caused by silver NPs. Noticeably, our silver NPs colloid displayed a highly effective bactericidal effect against two tested gastrointestinal bacterial strains at a silver concentration as low as ∼3 mg l −1. More importantly, the silver NPs colloid showed an enhancement of antibacterial activity and long-lasting disinfectant effect as compared to conventional chloramin B (5%) disinfection agent. These advantages of the as-prepared colloidal silver NPs make them very promising for environmental treatments contaminated with gastrointestinal bacteria and other infectious pathogens. Moreover, the powerful disinfectant activity of silver-containing materials can also help in controlling and preventing further outbreak of diseases.

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“…However, the cases of salmonella increased all over the world and new agents such as Escherichia coli 0157:H7 were reported in many countries. 13,14 Cases of Vibrio vulnificus septicaemias have been increasingly reported during the last few years in hospitals in these regions, especially in the Gulf of Mexico states. The patients are more likely to die if the treatment is not given at the appropriate time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, validation and reliability of a questionnaire for assessment of physician's knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) regarding foodborne diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Al-Mohaithef

2021

F1000Res

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Background: The burden of foodborne illness is considered to be high across the world. Based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) model, physician’s awareness is essential for conducting individualized treatments, thus reducing the burden of foodborne illness. However, there have been no validated questionnaires specific to the awareness of physicians with foodborne diseases. This study aims to develop and validate a KAP questionnaire for physicians to assess their awareness about the diagnosis and management of foodborne illness. Methods The questionnaire was developed in three phases: a comprehensive literature review, face and content validity, followed by a reliability test by internal consistency. A cross-sectional study was designed in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Physicians (n=125) were opportunistically recruited from both public and private primary healthcare centers. The questionnaire’s content and validity were confirmed by experts in their corresponding fields. After signing the informed consent, the study participants received the questionnaire to evaluate their KAPs on foodborne diseases. Results: A total of 160 physicians from both public and private primary health care centers were approached to enrol 125 study participants into the survey (response rate 78.13%). Of the 31 items designed for assessing the KAP of physicians on foodborne illnesses, three items were excluded after Cronbach’s α analysis. In total, 29 items were included in the final set of the questionnaire. Results of different validity and reliability analyses suggest the questionnaire has a high face and content validity as well as good reliability in internal consistency and stability. Conclusions: This study introduces a newly developed questionnaire with good reliability and validity values that can assess physician’s awareness of foodborne disease. The awareness questionnaire, as a study instrument, had a favourable acceptance among physicians. It is a sound method for evaluating and measuring levels of foodborne disease-related awareness among physicians in Abha, Saudi Arabia.

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A Study of 279 General Outbreaks of Gastrointestinal Infection in the North-East Region of England

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Enteric Protozoa in the Developed World: a Public Health Perspective

Enteric Protozoa in the Developed World: a Public Health Perspective

Powerful colloidal silver nanoparticles for the prevention of gastrointestinal bacterial infections

Development, validation and reliability of a questionnaire for assessment of physician's knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) regarding foodborne diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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