A study into the kinematic response for unbelted human occupants during emergency braking

Bastien, Christophe; Blundell, Mike; Neal-Sturgess, Clive

doi:10.1080/13588265.2017.1301080

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…19 A methodology to extract the head kinematics envelope is proposed in the following four steps and illustrated in Figure 1: 1. Definition of occupants' target kinematic response corridors based on controlled frontal and swerving manoeuvres, using OM4IS test data: The kinematics of 50th percentile occupants' corridors will be extracted using the method proposed by Bastien et al 20 This aims to capture an average behaviour of occupants in tensed and relaxed muscle activation mode in a lap-belted environment. These steps are chosen based on the recommendation made by Wismans et al, 32 who stated that in order to validate a computer model, it is necessary to test it against different databases, that is, OM4IS (step 2) vs UMTRI (step 3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupant pre-crash kinematics in rotated seat arrangements

Diederich

Bastien

Ekambaram

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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The introduction of automated L5 driving technologies will revolutionise the design of vehicle interiors and seating configurations, improving occupant comfort and experience. It is foreseen that pre-crash emergency braking and swerving manoeuvres will affect occupant posture, which could lead to an interaction with a deploying airbag. This research addresses the urgent safety need of defining the occupant’s kinematics envelope during that pre-crash phase, considering rotated seat arrangements and different seatbelt configurations. The research used two different sets of volunteer tests experiencing L5 vehicle manoeuvres, based in the first instance on 22 50th percentile fit males wearing a lap-belt (OM4IS), while the other dataset is based on 87 volunteers with a BMI range of 19 to 67 kg/m2 wearing a 3-point belt (UMTRI). Unique biomechanics kinematics corridors were then defined, as a function of belt configuration and vehicle manoeuvre, to calibrate an Active Human Model (AHM) using a multi-objective optimisation coupled with a Correlation and Analysis (CORA) rating. The research improved the AHM omnidirectional kinematics response over current state of the art in a generic lap-belted environment. The AHM was then tested in a rotated seating arrangement under extreme braking, highlighting that maximum lateral and frontal motions are comparable, independent of the belt system, while the asymmetry of the 3-point belt increased the occupant’s motion towards the seatbelt buckle. It was observed that the frontal occupant kinematics decrease by 200 mm compared to a lap-belted configuration. This improved omnidirectional AHM is the first step towards designing safer future L5 vehicle interiors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method to define the kinematics corridors as proposed by Bastien et al 20 starts with forming the median of the available response curves. To capture the spread of human reactions, the standard deviation (s) is proposed to consider when forming the kinematics target curves.…”

Section: Om4is Occupants Kinematics' Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupant pre-crash kinematics in rotated seat arrangements

Diederich

Bastien

Ekambaram

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…3. Predicting the car deformation (Hilmann and Hänschke 2009;Grunert and Fehr 2016;Zhao et al 2010), and the occupant behavior during a crash (Bastien et al 2017;Iwamoto et al 2012;Untaroiu and Adam 2012).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

CrashNet: an encoder–decoder architecture to predict crash test outcomes

Belaid

Rabus²,

Krestel

2021

Data Min Knowl Disc

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Destructive car crash tests are an elaborate, time-consuming, and expensive necessity of the automotive development process. Today, finite element method (FEM) simulations are used to reduce costs by simulating car crashes computationally. We propose CrashNet, an encoder–decoder deep neural network architecture that reduces costs further and models specific outcomes of car crashes very accurately. We achieve this by formulating car crash events as time series prediction enriched with a set of scalar features. Traditional sequence-to-sequence models are usually composed of convolutional neural network (CNN) and CNN transpose layers. We propose to concatenate those with an MLP capable of learning how to inject the given scalars into the output time series. In addition, we replace the CNN transpose with 2D CNN transpose layers in order to force the model to process the hidden state of the set of scalars as one time series. The proposed CrashNet model can be trained efficiently and is able to process scalars and time series as input in order to infer the results of crash tests. CrashNet produces results faster and at a lower cost compared to destructive tests and FEM simulations. Moreover, it represents a novel approach in the car safety management domain.

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“…21 This is due to a difference in crash kinematics caused by out-of-stance occupant positioning. As shown by Gierzycka et al 22 and Bastien et al, 23 a slight change to ''traditional'' stances often incurs greater injuries to the occupant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Crashworthy structures for future vehicle architecture of autonomous pods and heavy quadricycles on public roads: A review

Harrison

Christensen

Bastien

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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With the development and deployment of lightweight vehicles to the market, inclusive of autonomous pods, a review of advanced crashworthy structures and the design methodology has been conducted as it is thought that super-lightweight vehicles may pose significant risk to the occupants if they are involved in a crash. It is suggested that tests should include oblique and multiple velocity impacts to cater for the effects of assisted driving systems of future vehicles. A review of current crash structures and design methodologies revealed that the most recent research do not cater to multiple crash scenarios, nor a shorter crush allowance, therefore resulting in poor crashworthiness performance. In addition, the arbitrary seat positioning shown in autonomous pods’ concepts vastly increases the risk to occupants. Greater enhancements to passive crashworthiness are imperative. To this end, functionally graded vehicle structures should be designed as it has been found that these can provide optimized solutions. Research into nonlinear optimization methods for computationally expensive problems will become central to this.

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A study into the kinematic response for unbelted human occupants during emergency braking

Abstract: This document is the author's post-print version, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it.

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Occupant pre-crash kinematics in rotated seat arrangements

Occupant pre-crash kinematics in rotated seat arrangements

CrashNet: an encoder–decoder architecture to predict crash test outcomes

Crashworthy structures for future vehicle architecture of autonomous pods and heavy quadricycles on public roads: A review

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