A Structural View of miRNA Biogenesis and Function

Leitão, Ana Lúcia; Enguita, Francisco J.

doi:10.3390/ncrna8010010

Cited by 77 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…However, it is still unknown whether these vesicles can use more than one route or if vesicular uptake is cell type specific ( Pavani et al, 2017 ). Little is known regarding their biogenesis but that are transcribed as primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) ( Lee et al, 2002 ) and processed to precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNA) by the nuclear RNase III, DROSHA ( Ha and Kim, 2014 ; Leitão and Enguita, 2022 ). Pre-miRNAs are then transferred to the cytoplasm, where an RNase III endonuclease DICER cleaves the pre-miRNA to the mature form of the miRNA ( Ha and Kim, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pre-miRNAs are then transferred to the cytoplasm, where an RNase III endonuclease DICER cleaves the pre-miRNA to the mature form of the miRNA ( Ha and Kim, 2014 ). The mature miRNA generated by DICER is chained with Argonaute (AGO) protein to form an effector complex called RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) able to exert its regulatory action ( Ha and Kim, 2014 ; Leitão and Enguita, 2022 ). However, little is still known about the biological functions of miRNAs expressed in the EVs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An interactive analysis of the mouse oviductal miRNA profiles

Taraschi

Cimini²,

Colosimo³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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MicroRNAs are small non-coding molecules that control several cellular functions and act as negative post-transcriptional regulators of the mRNA. While their implication in several biological functions is already known, an important role as regulators of different physiological and pathological processes in fertilization and embryo development is currently emerging. Indeed, miRNAs have been found in the oviductal fluid packaged within the extracellular vesicles, which might act as natural nanoshuttles by transporting lipids, proteins, RNA molecules and miRNAs from the oviduct to the gametes or embryos. Here, an exhaustive bibliography search was carried out, followed by the construction of a computational model based on the networks theory in an attempt to recreate and elucidate the pathways potentially activated by the oviductal miRNA. The omics data published to date were gathered to create the Oviductal MiRNome, in which the miRNA target genes and their interactions are represented by using stringApp and the Network analyzer from Cytoscape 3.7.2. Then, the hyperlinked nodes were identified to investigate the pathways in which they are involved using the gene ontology enrichment analysis. To study the phenotypical effects after the removal of key genes on the reproductive system and embryo, knockout mouse lines for every protein-coding gene were investigated by using the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium database. The creation of the Oviductal MiRNome revealed the presence of important genes and their interactions within the network. The functional enrichment analysis revealed that the hyperlinked nodes are involved in fundamental cellular functions, both structural and regulatory/signaling, suggesting their implication in fertilization and early embryo development. This fact was as well evidenced by the effects of the gene deletion in KO mice on the reproductive system and embryo development. The present study highlights the importance of studying the miRNA profiles and their enormous potential as tools to improve the assisted reproductive techniques currently used in human and animal reproduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An interactive analysis of the mouse oviductal miRNA profiles

Taraschi

Cimini²,

Colosimo³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…All the aforementioned steps of miRNA biogenesis comprise the canonical pathway. However, there is also the non-canonical biogenesis, which is subdivided into the Dicer-independent and DGCR8/Drosha-independent pathways [ 23 ]. We demonstrate the canonical biogenetic mechanism in Figure 1 .…”

Section: An Overview Of Mirna Biogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs and Autophagy Mechanism in Pancreatic Cancer Progression: Future Therapeutic Approaches

Koustas

Trifylli²,

Sarantis

et al. 2022

Genes

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Pancreatic cancer constitutes the fourth most frequent cause of death due to malignancy in the US. Despite the new therapeutic modalities, the management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered a difficult task for clinicians due to the fact that is usually diagnosed in already advanced stages and it is relatively resistant to the current chemotherapeutic agents. The molecular background analysis of pancreatic malignant tumors, which includes various epigenetic and genetic alterations, opens new horizons for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The interplay between miRNAs, autophagy pathway, and pancreatic carcinogenesis is in the spotlight of the current research. There is strong evidence that miRNAs take part in carcinogenesis either as tumor inhibitors that combat the oncogene expression or as promoters (oncomiRs) by acting as oncogenes by interfering with various cell functions such as proliferation, programmed cell death, and metabolic and signaling pathways. Deregulation of the expression levels of various miRNAs is closely associated with tumor growth, progression, and dissemination, as well as low sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Similarly, autophagy despite constituting a pivotal homeostatic mechanism for cell survival has a binary role in PDAC, either as an inhibitor or promoter of carcinogenesis. The emerging role of miRNAs in autophagy gets a great deal of attention as it opens new opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the management of this aggressive and chemoresistant malignancy. In this review, we will shed light on the interplay between miRNAs and the autophagy mechanism for pancreatic cancer development and progression.

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“…Furthermore, abnormal miRNA expression is associated with many human disorders [ 141 , 142 , 143 ]. Recent articles have simplified the canonical and noncanonical miRNA biogenesis pathways and mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated gene regulation [ 136 , 144 ]. Moreover, the current knowledge of the miRNA secretion, transfer, and uptake of extracellular miRNAs and their functions has been reviewed elsewhere [ 145 , 146 ].…”

Section: Regulation Of Micrornas and Cannabinoid Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Insights into Epigenetics and Cannabinoid Receptors

Basavarajappa

Subbanna²

2022

Biomolecules

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The actions of cannabis are mediated by G protein-coupled receptors that are part of an endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). ECS consists of the naturally occurring ligands N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), their biosynthetic and degradative enzymes, and the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. Epigenetics are heritable changes that affect gene expression without changing the DNA sequence, transducing external stimuli in stable alterations of the DNA or chromatin structure. Cannabinoid receptors are crucial candidates for exploring their functions through epigenetic approaches due to their significant roles in health and diseases. Epigenetic changes usually promote alterations in the expression of genes and proteins that can be evaluated by various transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Despite the exponential growth of new evidence on the critical functions of cannabinoid receptors, much is still unknown regarding the contribution of various genetic and epigenetic factors that regulate cannabinoid receptor gene expression. Recent studies have identified several immediate and long-lasting epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, DNA-associated histone proteins, and RNA regulatory networks, in cannabinoid receptor function. Thus, they can offer solutions to many cellular, molecular, and behavioral impairments found after modulation of cannabinoid receptor activities. In this review, we discuss the significant research advances in different epigenetic factors contributing to the regulation of cannabinoid receptors and their functions under both physiological and pathological conditions. Increasing our understanding of the epigenetics of cannabinoid receptors will significantly advance our knowledge and could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and innovative treatment strategies for diseases associated with altered cannabinoid receptor functions.

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A Structural View of miRNA Biogenesis and Function

Cited by 77 publications

References 128 publications

An interactive analysis of the mouse oviductal miRNA profiles

An interactive analysis of the mouse oviductal miRNA profiles

The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs and Autophagy Mechanism in Pancreatic Cancer Progression: Future Therapeutic Approaches

Molecular Insights into Epigenetics and Cannabinoid Receptors

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