A stochastic model for individual choice behavior.

Audley, R. J.

doi:10.1037/h0046438

Cited by 141 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Research in that area has demonstrated that higher levels of conflict between choices lead to longer decision latencies (Audley, 1960;Berlyne, 1960;Bockenholt, Dietrich, Aschenbrenner & Schmalhofer, 1991;Espinoza-Varas and Watson 1994;Kiesler, 1966;Tyebjee, 1979).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it better to be moral than smart? The effects of morality and competence norms on the decision to work at group status improvement.

Ellemers¹,

Pagliaro²,

Barreto³

et al. 2008

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

121

123

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Three studies examined strategies of status improvement in experimentally created (Study 1 and 2) and pre-existing (Study 3) low-status groups. Theory and prior research suggested that an in-group norm that established a particular strategy of status improvement as moral (rather than competent) would have a greater effect on individuals' decision to work at this strategy. Both Study 1 and 2 found that morality norms had a greater impact than competence norms on individuals' decision to work at group (rather than individual) status improvement. In both Study 1 and 2 participants also needed less time to decide on a strategy of status improvement when it is was encouraged by a morality norm rather than a competence norm. Study 3 used a pre-existing low status group (i.e., Southern Italians) to further confirm that morality norms have a greater effect on the decision to work at a group status improvement than do competence norms. Results are discussed in terms of social influence and identity management strategies.Morality, competence, and status improvement 3Is it better to be moral than smart? The effects of morality and competence norms on the decision to work at group status improvement As members of groups, people are faced with the dilemma of working to improve their individual status or working to improve the status of their group as a whole. This dilemma is particularly salient for members of low-status groups who are more concerned about improving their status than are members of high-status groups (Branscombe &

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Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it better to be moral than smart? The effects of morality and competence norms on the decision to work at group status improvement.

Ellemers¹,

Pagliaro²,

Barreto³

et al. 2008

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

121

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This negative relationship between decision time and confidence in optional stopping tasks serves as empirical Hurdle 4 in Table 1. This intuitive negative relationship between confidence and decision time has been the bedrock of several alternative accounts of confidence that postulate judges use their decision time to form their confidence estimate, where longer decisions times are rated as less confident (Audley, 1960;Ratcliff, 1978;Volkman, 1934). These time-based hypotheses, however, cannot account for the positive relationship between decision time and confidence that Pierce's model also predicts.…”

Section: Pierce's Model Of Confidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Two-stage dynamic signal detection: A theory of choice, decision time, and confidence.

Pleskac¹,

Busemeyer²

2010

Psychological Review

666

947

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The 3 most often-used performance measures in the cognitive and decision sciences are choice, response or decision time, and confidence. We develop a random walk/diffusion theory-2-stage dynamic signal detection (2DSD) theory-that accounts for all 3 measures using a common underlying process. The model uses a drift diffusion process to account for choice and decision time. To estimate confidence, we assume that evidence continues to accumulate after the choice. Judges then interrupt the process to categorize the accumulated evidence into a confidence rating. The model explains all known interrelationships between the 3 indices of performance. Furthermore, the model also accounts for the distributions of each variable in both a perceptual and general knowledge task. The dynamic nature of the model also reveals the moderating effects of time pressure on the accuracy of choice and confidence. Finally, the model specifies the optimal solution for giving the fastest choice and confidence rating for a given level of choice and confidence accuracy. Judges are found to act in a manner consistent with the optimal solution when making confidence judgments.

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“…The first one is Tversky's EA;1972, and the second is Audley's (1960) model. In the following, these decision models will be briefly described.…”

Section: General Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Audley (1960) model is a stochastic choice model, which explains several dynamic properties of decisions, such as response times (RTs) and vacillations among alternatives. According to this model, when one chooses among several alternatives, some intermediate choices toward these alternatives ('implicit responses') occur.…”

Section: General Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Neural Network Model for Attribute‐Based Decision Processes

Usher

Zakay

1993

Cognitive Science

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We propose a neural model of multiattribute-decision processes, based on an attractor neural network with dynamic thresholds. The model may be viewed as a generalization of the elimination by aspects model, whereby simultaneous selection of several aspects is allowed. Depending on the amount of synaptic inhibition, various kinds of scanning strategies may be performed, leading in some cases to vacillations among the alternatives. The model predicts that decisions of a longer time duration exhibit a lower violation of the simple scalability law, as opposed to shorter decisions. Furthermore, the model is suggested as a general attribute-based decision module. Accordingly, various decision strategies are manifested depending on the module's parameters.

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A stochastic model for individual choice behavior.

Cited by 141 publications

References 18 publications

Is it better to be moral than smart? The effects of morality and competence norms on the decision to work at group status improvement.

Is it better to be moral than smart? The effects of morality and competence norms on the decision to work at group status improvement.

Two-stage dynamic signal detection: A theory of choice, decision time, and confidence.

A Neural Network Model for Attribute‐Based Decision Processes

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