A Steady State Model of a Rotary Kiln Incinerator

Abstract

A simple steady state model for a rotary kiln incinerator operating under excess-air mode is developed and the resulting governing equations are solved numerically. The focus is to examine the effects of some usually ignored factors, including the thermal radiation between all enclosed surfaces in a kiln, the solid/gas reaction and the existence of surface flame, on the kiln behaviour, but to fit all experimental data exactly.The results demonstrate that, since the length/diameter ratio is small for a rotary kiln incinerator, the thermal radiation heat transfer is the most significant process determinant, and the usually adopted "unity view factor" assumption might introduce serious errors. The effects of other factors, such as heat convection/conduction contributions, the enclosed surface emissivity, and the feed particle size, are only secondary. The thermal radiation exchanges between gas and exposed surfaces are also discussed.

Numerical Optimization Study of Combustion and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators

“…This design can effectively disassemble, roll, and mix the waste, thus improving the combustion effect. 13,14 Table 3 shows the parameters associated with the waste incinerator.…”

Modelling of a rotary kiln for the pyrolysis of aluminium waste

“…Most detailed models describe the bed of solids as a pseudotri-dimensional media. In the framework of this study, and in order to simplify the mathematical description of the system, and in accordance with several researchers (Chen and Lee, 1994;Patisson et al, 2000), the bed is supposed to be in plug flow inside the kiln.…”

“…Before entering the section devoted to the formulation of the mathematical model, it is necessary to check the relevant processes occurring within the furnace. These phenomena can be described by tracking a particle's path from its supply to the kiln to its exit (Boateng and Barr, 1996a,b;Chen et al, 1993;Chen and Lee, 1994;Heydenrych et al, 2002;Leger et al, 1993d;Li et al, 1999a,b;Martins et al, 2001;Marias, 2003;Patisson et al, 2000;Sudah et al, 2002):…”

Improved Palladium Extraction from Spent Catalyst Using Ultrasound-Assisted Leaching and Sulfuric Acid–Sodium Chloride System

“…As industrial demand for Pd continues to rise, it has become a critical component of many industrial applications [6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, after deactivation due to poisoning, pollution, or sintering in practical use, the catalyst becomes solid waste and is listed as a hazardous material on the National Hazardous Waste List [12,13]. In recent years, the volume of deactivated spent catalysts containing Pd has increased, and there is growing interest in the potential recovery of Pd from these materials [14][15][16][17].…”