A static magnetic field attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuro-inflammatory response via IL-6-mediated pathway

Abstract

An effective method for controlling brain damage and neurodegeneration caused by inflammation remains elusive. Down-expression of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokines resulting in endotoxin tolerance is reported as an alternative anti-infection treatment. Nonetheless, because the dosage and action site are hard to control, endotoxin tolerance caused by low-dose LPS injection in brain tissue may induce side effects. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that static magnetic fields (SMF) stimulate endotoxin tolerance in brain tissue. In this study, survival rate and pathological changes in brain tissues of LPS-challenged mice were examined with and without SMF treatment. In addition, the effects of SMF exposure on growth rate and cytokine expression of LPS-challenged BV-2 microglia cells were monitored. Our results showed that SMF pre-exposure had positive effects on the survival rate and histological outcomes of LPS-treated mice. Furthermore, SMF exposure significantly decreased IL-6 expression in BV-2 cells (p < 0.05) by a phenomenon similar to endotoxin tolerance. We suggest that SMF has potential as an alternative simulation source for controlling LPS-induced excess neuro-inflammatory response.

Static magnetic field attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced multiple organ failure: A histopathologic study in mice

“…However, an interesting observation from the present study is that body temperature does not increase in response to LPS when mice are pre-exposed to an SMF (Figure 4). Combining this observation with the findings shown in Figure 3 which demonstrate that the LPS-induced mortality rate in mice treated with SMF was significantly reduced, confirmed the results of previous reports that SMF exposure has an attenuating effect on mortality in response to LPS challenge in mice (Lin et al 2009, Shen et al 2014). Since no demonstrable effects of moderate without the LPS-challenge did not increase the thickness of the alveolar wall ( Figure 5b).…”

“…In this study, we found that SMF inhibited LPS-induced damage in the lungs, kidneys, and livers of the mice, which supports the hypothesis that SMF exposure stimulates anti-infl ammatory excitation in organs involved in MOF. Th ese fi ndings are consistent with a previous animal study which showed that SMF reduced LPS-induced mortality and cerebellar hemorrhage in mice (Shen et al 2014).…”

“…Th e sham-exposed mice and SMF exposed mice were separately placed inside two identical plastic animal cages measuring 14 ϫ 8 ϫ 8 cm, as in previous studies (Lin et al 2008, Shen et al 2014. Th e background static geomagnetic fi eld was 4.3 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 T. A pair of neodymium (Nd 2 Fe 14 B) magnets measuring 13 ϫ 7 ϫ 1 cm (Chief-Lion Enterprise Co., Tainan, Taiwan) were placed on the outer surfaces of both the top and bottom of the animal cage housing the SMF-exposed mice ( Figure 1).…”

“…A study in mice also demonstrated that the outcome of LPS-induced sepsis could be improved by pre-exposing the mice to a 0.25 T SMF (Lin et al 2009). In 2014, a histological study indicated that SMF pre-exposure had positive eff ects on the pathological outcomes of LPS-treated mice (Shen et al 2014). Interestingly, a recent study demonstrated that SMF exposure not only suppresses the release of pro-infl ammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α , but also increases the production of antiinfl ammatory cytokine IL-10 from LPS-activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Vergallo et al 2013).…”

Therapeutic Effect of Irradiation of Magnetic Infrared Laser on Osteoarthritis Rat Model

“…Among them, low level laser therapy (LLLT) has shown analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects in vitro , and in vivo experimental models . Static magnetic field (SMF) therapy also has been reported to reduce inflammation and edema formation . Although the mechanism relevant to OA treatment remains unclear, the anti‐inflammation may be involved in photostimulation of LLLT and free radical reaction by SMF therapy .…”