A state-of-the-art review on the synthetic mechanisms, production technologies, and practical application of polyunsaturated fatty acids from microalgae

Lu, Qian; Li, Huankai; Yu, Xiao; Liu, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102281

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…In addition, the contents of EPA and DHA in microalgal lipids are significantly higher and also less contaminated than fish oil. PUFA-rich microalgae include species of Schizochytrium, Crypthecodinium, Nannochloropsis , Isochrysis, Nitzschia, Diacronema, Porphyridium , and Desmodesmus , which produce EPA and DHA, respectively [ 51 , 52 ]. For example, Nannochloropsis sp.…”

Section: Microalgae As Fish Mealmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of microalgae biomass as a sustainable aquaculture feed ingredient: food security and circular economy

2022

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Sustainable management of natural resources is critical to food security. The shrimp feed and fishery sector is expanding rapidly, necessitating the development of alternative sustainable components. Several factors necessitate the exploration of a new source of environmentally friendly and nutrient-rich fish feed ingredients. Microalgal biomass has the potential to support the growth of fish and shrimp aquaculture for global food security in the bio-economy. Algal biorefineries must valorize the whole crop to develop a viable microalgae-based economy. Microalgae have the potential to replace fish meal and fish oil in aquaculture and ensure sustainability standards. Microalgae biomasses provide essential amino acids, valuable triglycerides such as lipids, vitamins, and pigments, making them suitable as nutritional supplements in livestock feed formulations. Fish and microalgae have similar nutritional profiles, and digestibility is a critical aspect of the aquafeed formulation. A highly digestible feed reduces production costs, feed waste, and the risk of eutrophication. Due to low input costs, low carbon footprint, wastewater treatment benefits, and carbon credits from industrial CO 2 conversion, microalgae-based fish and shrimp feeds have the potential to provide significant economic benefits. However, several challenges must be addressed before microalgal biomass and bioproducts may be used as fish feeds, including heavy metal bioaccumulation, poor algal biomass digestion, and antinutrient effects. Knowledge of biochemical composition is limited and diverse, and information on nutritional value is scattered or contradictory. This review article presents alternative approaches that could be used in aquaculture to make microalgal biomass a viable alternative to fish meal.

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Section: Microalgae As Fish Mealmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of microalgae biomass as a sustainable aquaculture feed ingredient: food security and circular economy

2022

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“…As an example, microalgae have high concentrations of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are category of fatty acids containing more than one double bond in the backbone and which have high bioactivity against cholesterol levels in the human body ( 27 , 28 ) ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Microalgae Healthy Macromolecules and Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae Bioactive Carbohydrates as a Novel Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Source of Prebiotics: Emerging Health Functionality and Recent Technologies for Extraction and Detection

et al. 2022

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There is a global interest in the novel consumption, nutritional trends, and the market of new prebiotic sources and their potential functional impacts. Commercially available nutritional supplements based on microalgae that are approved to be edible by FDA, like Arthrospira platensis (Cyanobacteria) and Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta) become widely attractive. Microalgae are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids that have high bioactivity. Recently, scientists are studying the microalgae polysaccharides (PS) or their derivatives (as dietary fibers) for their potential action as a novel prebiotic source for functional foods. Besides, the microalgae prebiotic polysaccharides are used for medication due to their antioxidant, anticancer, and antihypertensive bioactivities. This review provides an overview of microalgae prebiotics and other macromolecules’ health benefits. The phytochemistry of various species as alternative future sources of novel polysaccharides were mentioned. The application as well as the production constraints and multidisciplinary approaches for evaluating microalgae phytochemistry were discussed. Additionally, the association between this potential of combining techniques like spectroscopic, chromatographic, and electrochemical analyses for microalgae sensation and analysis novelty compared to the chemical methods was emphasized.

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“…In addition, climate change has resulted in the decline of marine microalgae from which oily fish species obtain their n-3 PUFA, especially DHA and EPA [10]. Therefore, PUFA-rich microalgae have attracted considerable academic and industry interests concerning developing new supplies of n-3 PUFA as an alternative to fish oil [3,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Benefits, Food Applications, and Sustainability of Microalgae-Derived N-3 PUFA

Liu¹,

Ren²,

Fan³

et al. 2022

Foods

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Today’s consumers are increasingly aware of the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA in preventing, delaying, and intervening various diseases, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and many other ailments. The role of n-3 PUFA on aging and cognitive function is also one of the hot topics in basic research, product development, and clinical applications. For decades, n-3 PUFA, especially EPA and DHA, have been supplied by fish oil and seafood. With the continuous increase of global population, awareness about the health benefits of n-3 PUFA, and socioeconomic improvement worldwide, the supply chain is facing increasing challenges of insufficient production. In this regard, microalgae have been well considered as promising sources of n-3 PUFA oil to mitigate the supply shortages. The use of microalgae to produce n-3 PUFA-rich oils has been explored for over two decades and some species have already been used commercially to produce n-3 PUFA, in particular EPA- and/or DHA-rich oils. In addition to n-3 PUFA, microalgae biomass contains many other high value biomolecules, which can be used in food, dietary supplement, pharmaceutical ingredient, and feedstock. The present review covers the health benefits of n-3 PUFA, EPA, and DHA, with particular attention given to the various approaches attempted in the nutritional interventions using EPA and DHA alone or combined with other nutrients and bioactive compounds towards improved health conditions in people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. It also covers the applications of microalgae n-3 PUFA in food and dietary supplement sectors and the economic and environmental sustainability of using microalgae as a platform for n-3 PUFA-rich oil production.

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A state-of-the-art review on the synthetic mechanisms, production technologies, and practical application of polyunsaturated fatty acids from microalgae

Cited by 52 publications

References 144 publications

An overview of microalgae biomass as a sustainable aquaculture feed ingredient: food security and circular economy

An overview of microalgae biomass as a sustainable aquaculture feed ingredient: food security and circular economy

Microalgae Bioactive Carbohydrates as a Novel Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Source of Prebiotics: Emerging Health Functionality and Recent Technologies for Extraction and Detection

Health Benefits, Food Applications, and Sustainability of Microalgae-Derived N-3 PUFA

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