A state-of-the-art review on graphene-based nanomaterials to determine antibiotics by electrochemical techniques

Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity of Catechin in Nutraceuticals: Comparison between a Newly Developed Electrochemical Method and Spectrophotometric Methods

“…Moreover, recent publications have demonstrated that the modification of CNT electrodes facilitates electrochemical processes involving biomolecules and increases the measured signal [ 31 , 53 , 54 ]. On the other hand, GNP exhibit excellent electrical conductivity characteristics [ 55 ] (having unique chemical and physical properties, thus showing widespread use particularly for constructing electrochemical biosensors with a high electron transfer ability between the biomolecules and the electrode surface [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]), favorable biocompatibility [ 60 , 61 ], high specific surface area, which provides a stable immobilization of various biomolecules that thus retain their bioactivity [ 62 , 63 ], and, at the same time, a controllable particle size range, i.e., Jana et al prepared the AuNPs with diameters of 5–40 nm by varying the ratio of seed to gold salt [ 64 ], whereas Rodriguez-Fernandez et al prepared the AuNPs with diameters from 12 to 180 nm by incorporating small gold clusters on the surface of seed particles [ 65 ]. Bastus et al reported a kinetically controlled seeded growth method for the synthesis of monodispersed citrate-stabilized AuNPs, with a uniform quasi-spherical shape of up to ∼200 nm, via the reduction of HAuCl 4 by sodium citrate [ 66 ].…”

“…Moreover, recent publications have demonstrated that the modification of CNT electrodes facilitates electrochemical processes involving biomolecules and increases the measured signal [31,53,54]. On the other hand, GNP exhibit excellent electrical conductivity characteristics [55] (having unique chemical Previous studies containing theoretical calculations of the stability of the various catechin radicals have confirmed these trends: the 4′-phenoxyl radical was the most stable radical, and the other radicals were ordered in terms of their values characterizing electron affinity in the following sequence: 4′-OH, 3′-OH, 7-OH, 5-OH [49].…”

State of the Art on Developments of (Bio)Sensors and Analytical Methods for Rifamycin Antibiotics Determination

“…Considering all of these features, it is obvious that the continuous development of cheap, fast and reliable sensors and methods that allow for the detection and quantification of antibiotics from different matrices is necessary. This fact is emphasized by the already existing reviews regarding antibiotics analysis using electrochemical sensors [ 6 ], with some of them being focused on a given class of antibiotics like amphenicols [ 7 ] or aminoglycosides [ 8 , 9 ], or on various types of modifiers like graphene [ 5 , 10 ], MIPs [ 1 ], nanomaterials [ 11 , 12 ], metal organic frameworks [ 2 ] or fluorescent sensors based on luminescent metal-organic frameworks [ 13 ]. Two recent reviews focused on biosensors relying on various biorecognition elements and nanomaterials applied to antibiotic detection in food matrices [ 4 , 14 ].…”

Preparation of a glassy carbon electrode modified with saffron conjugated silver nanoparticles for the sensitive and selective electroanalytical determination of amoxicillin in urine samples

“…Similarly, other highly precise methods for detecting antibiotics, such as direct assay, uorescence immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and capillary electrophoresis, require sophisticated sample preparation and skilled professionals, which restricts their widespread use. 10 So, there's an urgent need for more precise, straightforward, and cost-effective methods to detect antibiotics. Electrochemical sensors have the potential to be used as a screening tool to quickly estimate antibiotic contamination in different samples.…”