“…From the plot, it is evident that the green surface represents the lowest desirability function, occurring in the range of 0.025–0.05 and 0.15–0.125 fractions of CPA. The highest desirability function is indicated by the red-colored surface, covering the range of 0.075–0.12 fraction of CPA 62 – 64 . Figure 15 3D Surface Plot for the Optimization Solutions.…”
Section: Development and Validation Of The Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The simulation of the model aims to ensure that the validation achieved during statistical diagnostics and inference computations is applicable in real-life situations. Student’s t-test was further employed to determine the statistically significant difference between the simulated model results and the experimental or actual values 64 . A graphical plot illustrating the experimental-derived responses vs. model-simulated results is presented in Fig.…”
Section: Development and Validation Of The Modelmentioning
Cassava peel ash (CPA) is an abundant agricultural byproduct that has shown promise as an additional cementitious material in concrete manufacturing. This research study aims to optimize the incorporation of CPA in concrete blends using the central composite design (CCD) methodology to determine the most effective combination of ingredients for maximizing concrete performance. The investigation involves a physicochemical analysis of CPA to assess its pozzolanic characteristics. Laboratory experiments are then conducted to assess the compressive and flexural strengths of concrete mixtures formulated with varying proportions of CPA, cement, and aggregates. The results show that a mix ratio of 0.2:0.0875:0.3625:0.4625 for cement, CPA, fine, and coarse aggregates, respectively, yields a maximum compressive strength of 28.51 MPa. Additionally, a maximum flexural strength of 10.36 MPa is achieved with a mix ratio of 0.2:0.0875:0.3625:0.525. The experimental data were used to develop quadratic predictive models, followed by statistical analyses. The culmination of the research resulted in the identification of an optimal concrete blend that significantly enhances both compressive and flexural strength. To ensure the reliability of the model, rigorous validation was conducted using student’s t-test, revealing a strong correlation between laboratory findings and simulated values, with computed p-values of 0.9987 and 0.9912 for compressive and flexural strength responses, respectively. This study underscores the potential for enhancing concrete properties and reducing waste through the effective utilization of CPA in the construction sector.
“…From the plot, it is evident that the green surface represents the lowest desirability function, occurring in the range of 0.025–0.05 and 0.15–0.125 fractions of CPA. The highest desirability function is indicated by the red-colored surface, covering the range of 0.075–0.12 fraction of CPA 62 – 64 . Figure 15 3D Surface Plot for the Optimization Solutions.…”
Section: Development and Validation Of The Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The simulation of the model aims to ensure that the validation achieved during statistical diagnostics and inference computations is applicable in real-life situations. Student’s t-test was further employed to determine the statistically significant difference between the simulated model results and the experimental or actual values 64 . A graphical plot illustrating the experimental-derived responses vs. model-simulated results is presented in Fig.…”
Section: Development and Validation Of The Modelmentioning
Cassava peel ash (CPA) is an abundant agricultural byproduct that has shown promise as an additional cementitious material in concrete manufacturing. This research study aims to optimize the incorporation of CPA in concrete blends using the central composite design (CCD) methodology to determine the most effective combination of ingredients for maximizing concrete performance. The investigation involves a physicochemical analysis of CPA to assess its pozzolanic characteristics. Laboratory experiments are then conducted to assess the compressive and flexural strengths of concrete mixtures formulated with varying proportions of CPA, cement, and aggregates. The results show that a mix ratio of 0.2:0.0875:0.3625:0.4625 for cement, CPA, fine, and coarse aggregates, respectively, yields a maximum compressive strength of 28.51 MPa. Additionally, a maximum flexural strength of 10.36 MPa is achieved with a mix ratio of 0.2:0.0875:0.3625:0.525. The experimental data were used to develop quadratic predictive models, followed by statistical analyses. The culmination of the research resulted in the identification of an optimal concrete blend that significantly enhances both compressive and flexural strength. To ensure the reliability of the model, rigorous validation was conducted using student’s t-test, revealing a strong correlation between laboratory findings and simulated values, with computed p-values of 0.9987 and 0.9912 for compressive and flexural strength responses, respectively. This study underscores the potential for enhancing concrete properties and reducing waste through the effective utilization of CPA in the construction sector.
“…Thus, geopolymer and other next-generation green construction materials can serve as suitable substitutes for OPC. Numerous studies in this field showed that geopolymers are environmentally friendly and sustainable since they can be manufactured from a variety of waste materials 30 – 34 . Geopolymer can be produced from any siliceous and aluminous substance that reacts in an alkaline environment to produce polymer chains and linked networks 35 – 37 .…”
Waste from construction and demolition (also known as CDW) is one of the most harmful environmental issues. This study's primary goal is to produce new mortar and brick materials from recycled concrete powder (RCP) and recycled brick powder (RBP), two of the most popular CDW. Geopolymeric mortar and brick samples were produced by passing RCP and RBP through sieve No. 50 (with sand filler if necessary) and combining them with an alkaline solution made of water glass (WG) and NaOH. In this study, the mixture was then cured for three days at 80 °C in an oven. The effects of filler, RBP amount, WG amount, and the concentration of NaOH alkaline solution on the samples’ strength were examined. Additionally, XRF and SEM/XRD tests were performed to verify the materials' composition and microstructure. The mechanical strength of the samples showed an increase with the increase of RCP values, so the brick sample with filler showed the highest compressive strength, measuring 59.53 MPa. The study's samples exhibited strong mechanical properties. Additionally, all of the bricks' water absorption fell within the standard range. In summary, according to different standards, both waste concrete and waste brick can be used to produce geopolymer materials especially bricks for construction and paving purposes.
“…This is because the performance of the polymer depends on the dissolution amount of Si, Al, and other elements in the raw material. The higher the dissolution amount of Si, Al, and other elements, the more (SiO 4 ) 4− and (AlO 4 ) 5− threedimensional mesh gels and the better the mechanical properties of the polymer (Abdellatief et al, 2023;Alaneme et al, 2023;Yi et al, 2023).…”
Pisha sandstone (PS) is a unique geological structure in the Yellow River basin in China and is a general term for a rock interlayer composed of sandstone, sand shale, and muddy sandstone. The collapsibility of PS results in a high erosion rate and poor vegetation due to its low diagenetic potential and weak structural strength. This study showed that PS can be converted into geopolymer cement by mixing with a suitable alkali activator. PS was converted to geopolymer cement for construction to control soil erosion and conserve the soil and water in this area. Slag was used as a mineral additive to improve the performance of alkali-active PS geopolymer cement in this study. The influence of slag replacement level, NaOH dosages, and curing age on the compressive strength of alkali-activated PS was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), thermogravimetric analyses (TG/DTG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the hydration products and microstructure of alkali-activated PS. The results showed that when the samples had 40 wt.% slag, 1.5 wt.% NaOH, and 4.0 wt.% Na2SiO3, their compressive strength could reach 82.0 MPa at 90 days. Compared with the samples with activator and without activator, the compressive strength increased by 6,664% and 9,011%, respectively. The hydration products were C-S-H gel, geopolymer gel, and calcium carbonate crystals. With 10 wt.% slag as a mineral additive, 1.5 wt.% NaOH, and 4 wt.% Na2SiO3 as an activator, the carbonation ratio of C-S-H gel was 49.3%.
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