Optimization of cassava peel ash concrete using central composite design method

Abstract

Cassava peel ash (CPA) is an abundant agricultural byproduct that has shown promise as an additional cementitious material in concrete manufacturing. This research study aims to optimize the incorporation of CPA in concrete blends using the central composite design (CCD) methodology to determine the most effective combination of ingredients for maximizing concrete performance. The investigation involves a physicochemical analysis of CPA to assess its pozzolanic characteristics. Laboratory experiments are then conducted to assess the compressive and flexural strengths of concrete mixtures formulated with varying proportions of CPA, cement, and aggregates. The results show that a mix ratio of 0.2:0.0875:0.3625:0.4625 for cement, CPA, fine, and coarse aggregates, respectively, yields a maximum compressive strength of 28.51 MPa. Additionally, a maximum flexural strength of 10.36 MPa is achieved with a mix ratio of 0.2:0.0875:0.3625:0.525. The experimental data were used to develop quadratic predictive models, followed by statistical analyses. The culmination of the research resulted in the identification of an optimal concrete blend that significantly enhances both compressive and flexural strength. To ensure the reliability of the model, rigorous validation was conducted using student’s t-test, revealing a strong correlation between laboratory findings and simulated values, with computed p-values of 0.9987 and 0.9912 for compressive and flexural strength responses, respectively. This study underscores the potential for enhancing concrete properties and reducing waste through the effective utilization of CPA in the construction sector.

Proposed simplified methodological approach for designing geopolymer concrete mixtures

“…This methodology aims to provide a structured and accessible framework for engineers and practitioners involved in concrete production. By emphasizing key principles and optimizing material selection, mixture proportions, and testing protocols, this approach seeks to simplify the design process while maintaining the performance and sustainability benefits of geopolymer concrete 13 , 14 . Additionally, we present a comprehensive outline of the proposed methodology, highlighting its goals, essential elements, and possible applications within the construction sector.…”

Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations in soil of auto-mechanic workshop clusters in Nsukka, Nigeria

“…The process of soil particle analysis involved cleaning the sieve shaker's sieves, recording their weights, drying soil samples, and arranging sieves (sizes ranging from 2–0.002 mm) in ascending order. After weighing the samples, the successive percentages of soil particles retained in each pan were calculated for soil classification 34 .

Figure 4 Sieve analyzer (Haver & Boecker 59302 DELDE).

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