A stagewise rejective multiple test procedure based on a modified Bonferroni test

Hommel, Gerhard

doi:10.1093/biomet/75.2.383

Cited by 1,169 publications

(644 citation statements)

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“…Comparisons between non-FL and FL patients were performed through unpaired t-test. A Bonferroni-type adjustment was carried out using Hommels' procedure [18]. Linear regression analysis was performed using the least squares method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of inspiratory capacity on exercise tolerance in COPD patients with and without tidal expiratory flow limitation at rest

Díaz¹,

Villafranca²,

Ghezzo³

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

263

199

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Expiratory flow limitation promotes dynamic hyperinflation during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with a consequent reduction in inspiratory capacity (IC), limiting their exercise tolerance. Therefore, the exercise capacity of patients with tidal expiratory flow limitation (FL) at rest should depend on the magnitude of IC. The presented study was designed to evaluate the role of FL on the relationship between resting IC, other respiratory function variables and exercise performance in COPD patients.Fifty-two patients were included in the study. Negative expiratory pressure (NEP) technique was employed to assess FL. Maximal work rate (WRmax) and oxygen uptake (V'O 2 ,max) were measured during an incremental symptom-limited cycle exercise.Twenty-nine patients were FL at rest. The IC was normal in all non-FL patients, while in most FL subjects it was decreased. Both WRmax and V'O 2 ,max were lower in FL patients (p<0.001, each). A close relationship of WRmax and V'O 2 ,max to IC was found (r=0.73 and 0.75, respectively; p<0.0001, each). In the whole group, stepwise regression analysis selected IC and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/ forced vital capacity (FVC) (% predicted) as the only significant contributors to exercise tolerance. Subgroup analysis showed that IC was the sole predictor in FL patients, and FEV1/FVC in non-FL patients.Detection of flow limitation provides useful information on the factors that influence exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Accordingly, in patients with flow limitation, inspiratory capacity appears as the best predictor of exercise tolerance, reflecting the presence of dynamic hyperinflation. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show widely variable exercise capacities. The relationship between resting lung function and exercise tolerance has been extensively studied in this group of patients [1±5]. In most previous studies, it was found that forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was a poor predictor of exercise capacity [1±3]. Recently, however, it has been shown that indices related to dynamic hyperinflation, such as the inspiratory capacity (IC), are more closely related to exercise tolerance than FEV1 [4,5].Even at rest, patients with COPD often exhibit tidal expiratory flow limitation (FL) [6,7], promoting an increase in end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) due to dynamic hyperinflation with a concomitant decrease in inspiratory capacity and inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) [8,9]. During exercise, normal subjects increase the tidal volume (VT) at the expense of both the IRV and the expiratory reserve volume [8,9]. In contrast, in flowlimited COPD patients, VT increases only at the expense of their reduced IRV and eventually it impinges into the flat portion of the static volume-pressure relationship of the respiratory system [8,9]. Thus, in flow-limited COPD patients the maximal VT (VT,max) achieved during exercise should depend on the magnitude of IC. Since the ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of inspiratory capacity on exercise tolerance in COPD patients with and without tidal expiratory flow limitation at rest

Díaz¹,

Villafranca²,

Ghezzo³

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

263

199

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To qualify significant results and minimize false-positive associations, correction for multiple testing was conducted using the Hommel method. 29 However, given the small sample size and hypothesisgenerating nature of this analysis, both adjusted and unadjusted P values are presented and discussed. Statistical significance was defined as a <0.05.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus selectively perturbs the distal cholesterol synthesis pathway in a genotype-specific manner

et al. 2012

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) subverts host cholesterol metabolism for key processes in its lifecycle. How this interference results in the frequently observed, genotype-dependent clinical sequelae of hypocholesterolemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance (IR) remains incompletely understood. Hypocholesterolemia typically resolves after sustained viral response (SVR), implicating viral interference in host lipid metabolism. Using a targeted cholesterol metabolomic platform we evaluated paired HCV genotype 2 (G2) and G3 patient sera for changes in in vivo HCV sterol pathway metabolites. We compared HCV genotypic differences in baseline metabolites and following antiviral treatment to assess whether sterol perturbation resolved after HCV eradication. We linked these metabolites to IR and urine oxidative stress markers. In paired sera from HCV G2 (n 5 13) and G3 (n 5 20) patients, baseline sterol levels were lower in G3 than G2 for distal metabolites (7-dehyrocholesterol (7DHC) 0.017 versus 0.023 mg/dL; P adj 5 0.0524, cholesterol 140.9 versus 178.7 mg/dL; P adj 5 0.0242) but not the proximal metabolite lanosterol. In HCV G3, SVR resulted in increased levels of distal metabolites (cholesterol [D55.2 mg/dL; P adj 5 0.0015], 7DHC [D0.0075 mg/dL; P adj 5 0.0026], lathosterol [D0.0430 mg/dL P adj 5 0.0405]). In contrast, lanosterol was unchanged after SVR (P 5 0.9515). Conclusion: HCV G3, but not G2, selectively interferes with the late cholesterol synthesis pathway, evidenced by lower distal sterol metabolites and preserved lanosterol levels. This distal interference resolves with SVR. Normal lanosterol levels provide a signal for the continued proteolysis of 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, which may undermine other host responses to increase cholesterol synthesis. These data may provide a hypothesis to explain why hypocholesterolemia persists in chronic HCV infection, particularly in HCV G3, and is not overcome by host cholesterol compensatory mechanisms. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:49-56)

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“…In addition to the coefficients, each column also shows the proportion of variance explained by the explanatory variables in each of the regression models, in the form of R 2 . 10 8 We also calculated p-values correcting for the multiple comparisons performed in Table 3 using six established methods: Bonferroni (1935), Holm (1979), Hochberg (1988), Hommel (1988, Benjamini andHochberg (1995), andBenjamini andYekutieli (2001). The last of these methods (Benjamini and Yekutieli 2001) takes explicitly into account dependence between the variables (which makes it similar to other possible approaches, such as the ones discussed in Wolf 2005, 2010;Romano Shaikh, and Wolf 2008;or List, Shaikh, and Xu 2016).…”

Section: Do the Games Explain The Past And The Field Behaviors?mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the External Validity of Social Preference Games: A Systematic Lab-Field Study

2019

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Matteo M. Galizzi Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political AbstractWe present a lab-field experiment designed to systematically assess the external validity of social preferences elicited in a variety of experimental games. We do this by comparing behavior in the different games with several behaviors elicited in the field and with self-reported behaviors exhibited in the past, using the same sample of participants. Our results show that the experimental social preference games do a poor job explaining both social behaviors in the field and social behaviors from the past. We also include a systematic review and meta-analysis of previous literature on the external validity of social preference games.2

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A stagewise rejective multiple test procedure based on a modified Bonferroni test

Cited by 1,169 publications

References 9 publications

Role of inspiratory capacity on exercise tolerance in COPD patients with and without tidal expiratory flow limitation at rest

Role of inspiratory capacity on exercise tolerance in COPD patients with and without tidal expiratory flow limitation at rest

Hepatitis C virus selectively perturbs the distal cholesterol synthesis pathway in a genotype-specific manner

On the External Validity of Social Preference Games: A Systematic Lab-Field Study

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