“…In this work we adopt the second approach with a view to the future development of methods for reducing the storage complexity and setup time related to those discussed above. Applying the trapezoidal rule to (54) yields (10); hence, we define A m (s) = s −m A(s) for some m 2 and instead evaluateŵ n ( t, A m ). In order to obtain an approximation of the layer density , we must replace the data f (·, t) ∈ H −1/2 ( ), t ∈ (0, T ), with a function g(·, t) ∈ H −1/2 ( ) where f is given by the mth time derivative of g, f = g (m) , and…”