A Spellbinding Interplay Between Biological Barcoding and Nanotechnology

Abstract

Great scientific research with improved potential in probing biological locales has remained a giant stride. The use of bio-barcodes with the potential use of nanotechnology is a hallmark being developed among recent advanced techniques. Biobarcoding is a novel method used for screening biomolecules to identify and divulge ragbag biodiversity. It establishes successful barcoding projects in the field of nanomedical technology for massively testing disease diagnosis and treatment. Biobarcoding and nanotechnology are recently developed technologies that provide unique opportunities and challenges for multiplex detection such as DNAs, proteins and nucleic acids of animals, plants, viruses, and various other species. These technologies also clump drug delivery, gene delivery, and DNA sequencing. Bio-barcode amplification assay (BCA) is used at large for the detection and identification of proteins and DNAs. DNA barcoding combined with nanotechnology has been proven highly sensitive rendering fast uniplex and multiplex detection of pathogens in food, blood, and other specimens. This review takes a panoramic view of current advances in nano biobarcodes which have been summarized to explore additional applications such as detection of cytokines, neurotransmitters, cancer markers, prostate-specific antigens, and allergens. In the future, it will also be possible to detect some fungi, algae, protozoa, and other pollutants in food, agriculture, and clinical samples. Using these technologies, specific and efficient sensors would possibly be developed that can perform swift detections of antigens, allergens, and other specimens.

Molecular diagnostic assays for COVID-19: an overview

“…Although many investigators have tried to come up with protocols to tackle this issue, this area remains a lively area of investigation [ 64 , 111 , 112 ]. Nanotechnology methods could have far-reaching applications in improving the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic assays [ 113–115 ]. Magnetic nanoparticles show promise for high sensitivity detection of viruses without the need for purification [ 116 , 117 ].…”

Research progress in the detection of common foodborne hazardous substances based on functional nucleic acids biosensors

“…DNA barcoding combined with nanotechnology has proven to be highly sensitive for fast testing of food and other specimens where large amounts of nucleic acids are loaded onto spherical nanomaterials to amplify the signal. Biological barcodes analysis can provide nucleic acid amplification similar to a PCR (Munir et al, 2020). Zhang et al detected T‐2 toxin by highly sensitive circular amplification based on the biological barcode and at the same time, combined with MNPs and AuNPs, and other nanomaterials for signal amplification.…”

“…DNA barcoding combined with nanotechnology has proven to be highly sensitive for fast testing of food and other specimens where large amounts of nucleic acids are loaded onto spherical nanomaterials to amplify the signal. Biological barcodes analysis can provide nucleic acid amplification similar to a PCR (Munir et al, 2020) The LOD is as low as 0.26 pg/mL with a linear range of 0.002-200 ng/mL (Zhang, Huo, et al, 2018). DNA probes based on multiple barcodes have the potential to detect small molecules in complex mechanisms, so biological barcodes sensors have a development trend in food quality and safety detection.…”

Engineering gold nanoparticles for molecular diagnostics and biosensing

“…In fact, a AuNP‐based bio‐barcode assay has accomplished to detect prostate specific antigen (PSA) at 30 attomolar concentration, with a further increase to 3 attomolar (aM) through the amplification by PCR of the oligonucleotide bar codes, which translates on an increase on the limit of detection by six orders of magnitude, when compared with the clinically accepted conventional assays (~3 picomolar [pM]) (Nam et al, 2003). Additionally, this type of assay is considered to offer higher detection limits and more sensitivity that other molecular diagnosis techniques, such as PCR, real‐time PC, or ELISA assay (Munir et al, 2020). Still, the PCR technique is often required to improve signal amplification and/or target detection, when the sequence of interest has a low number of copies.…”